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| {{Drugbox| | | __NOTOC__ |
| |IUPAC_name = 7-[(2-amino-2-phenyl-acetyl)amino]- 3-chloro-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] oct-2- ene-2- carboxylic acid
| | {{Cefaclor}} |
| | image=Cefaclor structure.svg
| | {{CMG}} |
| | width=170
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| | CAS_number=53994-73-3
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| | ATC_prefix=J01
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| | ATC_suffix=DC04
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| | PubChem=2609
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| | DrugBank=APRD00243
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| | C = 15 | H = 14 | Cl = 1 | N = 3 | O = 4 | S = 1
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| | molecular_weight = 367.808 g/mol
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| | bioavailability= Well absorbed, independent of food intake
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| | metabolism = 15% to 40%
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| | elimination_half-life= 0.6 to 0.9 hours
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| | excretion = [[Kidney|Renal]]
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| | pregnancy_AU = B1
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| | pregnancy_US = B
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| | legal_status = Rx-only
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| | routes_of_administration= Oral
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| }} | |
| {{SI}} | |
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| | ==Overview== |
| '''Cefaclor''', also known as '''cefachlor''' or '''cefaclorum''' (brand names '''Ceclor''', '''Distaclor''', '''Keflor''', '''Raniclor'''), is a second-generation [[cephalosporin]] [[antibiotic]] used to treat certain [[infection]]s caused by [[bacteria]] such as [[pneumonia]] and ear, lung, skin, throat, and urinary tract infections. | | '''Cefaclor''', also known as '''cefachlor''' or '''cefaclorum''' (brand names '''Ceclor''', '''Distaclor''', '''Keflor''', '''Raniclor'''), is a second-generation [[cephalosporin]] [[antibiotic]] used to treat certain [[infection]]s caused by [[bacteria]] such as [[pneumonia]] and ear, lung, skin, throat, and urinary tract infections. |
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| == Indications== | | ==Category== |
| | | Cephalosporin,Second-Generation |
| Cefaclor belongs to the family of antibiotics known as the [[cephalosporins]] (cefalosporins). The cephalosporins are broad-spectrum [[antibiotics]] which are used for the treatment of [[septicaemia]], [[pneumonia]], [[meningitis]], biliary-tract infections, [[peritonitis]], and urinary-tract infections. The pharmacology of the cephalosporins is similar to that of the [[penicillins]], excretion being principally renal. Cephalosporins penetrate the [[cerebrospinal fluid]] poorly unless the meninges are inflamed; [[cefotaxime]] is a more suitable cephalosporin than cefaclor for infections of the [[central nervous system]], e.g [[meningitis]]. Cefaclor is active against many [[bacteria]], including both [[Gram-negative]] and [[Gram-positive]] organisms.
| | ==US Brand Names== |
| | | Ceclor |
| ==Cautions and contraindications==
| | ==FDA Package Insert== |
| Cautions include known sensitivity to beta-lactam antibacterials, such as penicillins (Cefaclor should be avoided if there is a history of immediate [[hypersensitivity]] reaction); renal impairment (no dose adjustment required, although manufacturer advises caution); [[pregnancy]] and [[breast-feeding]] (but appropriate to use); false positive urinary glucose (if tested for reducing substances) and false positive [[Coombs test]]. Cefaclor has also been reported to cause a [[serum sickness]]-like reaction in children.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hebert A, Sigman E, Levy M |title=Serum sickness-like reactions from cefaclor in children |journal=J Am Acad Dermatol |volume=25 |issue=5 Pt 1 |pages=805–8 |year=1991 |pmid=1802903}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Parra F, Igea J, Martín J, Alonso M, Lezaun A, Sainz T |title=Serum sickness-like syndrome associated with cefaclor therapy |journal=Allergy |volume=47 |issue=4 Pt 2 |pages=439–40 |year=1992 |pmid=1456417}}</ref>
| | '''[[Cefaclor description|Description]]''' |
| | '''| [[Cefaclor clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]''' |
| | '''| [[Cefaclor microbiology|Microbiology]]''' |
| | '''| [[Cefaclor indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]''' |
| | '''| [[Cefaclor contraindications|Contraindications]]''' |
| | '''| [[Cefaclor warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]''' |
| | '''| [[Cefaclor adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]''' |
| | '''| [[Cefaclor overdosage|Overdosage]]''' |
| | '''| [[Cefaclor clinical studies|Clinical Studies]]''' |
| | '''| [[Cefaclor dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]''' |
| | '''| [[Cefaclor compatibility reconstitution and stability|Compatibility, Reconstitution, and Stability]]''' |
| | '''| [[Cefaclor directions for use|Directions For Use]]''' |
| | '''| [[Cefaclor how supplied|How Supplied]]''' |
| | '''| [[Cefaclor labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]''' |
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| Cefaclor is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity (i.e. allergy) to cephalosporins.
| | ==Mechanisms of Action== |
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| ==Side effects==
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| The principal [[adverse drug reaction|side effect]] of the cephalosporins is hypersensitivity, and about 10% of penicillin-sensitive patients will also be allergic to the cephalosporins. Allergic reactions may present as, for example, rashes, [[pruritus]] (itching), [[urticaria]], [[serum sickness]]-like reactions with rashes, fever and [[arthralgia]], and [[anaphylaxis]].
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| Other side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g. diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort, disturbances in liver enzymes, transient [[hepatitis]] and cholestatic jaundice), [[headache]], and [[Stevens-Johnson syndrome]]. Rare side effects include [[eosinophilia]] and blood disorders (including [[thrombocytopenia]], [[leucopenia]], [[agranulocytosis]], [[aplastic anaemia]] and [[haemolytic anaemia]]); reversible [[interstitial nephritis]]; [[hyperactivity]], [[nervousness]], sleep disturbances, [[hallucinations]], [[confusion]], [[hypertonia]], and [[dizziness]].
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| [[Toxic epidermal necrolysis]] has been reported. In the UK, The Committee on the Safety of Medicines ([[CSM]]) has warned that the risk of diarrhea and rarely antibiotic-associated colitis are more likely with higher doses.
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| ==Interactions with other medications== | |
| Coumarins (e.g. [[Warfarin]]): [[Cephalosporins]] possibly enhance the [[anticoagulant]] effect of [[coumarins]]- change in patient's clinical condition, particularly associated with liver disease, intercurrent illness, or drug administration, necessitates more frequent testing of [[INR]], and dose adjustment as necessary.
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| Probenecid: excretion of [[cephalosporins]] is reduced by [[probenecid]] (resulting in increased concentrations of drug in the [[blood plasma]]). Antacids: Absorption of cefaclor is reduced by [[antacids]]; therefore antacids should not be taken at the same time as cefaclor.
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| ==Safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding==
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| Cefaclor is passed into the [[breast milk]] in small quantities, but is generally accepted to be safe to take during [[breastfeeding]]. Cefaclor is not known to be harmful in [[pregnancy]], although the potential risk of harm to the fetus must be balanced against the therapeutic benefits to mother and child of the drug.
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| ==Dose==
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| Adults: 250 mg every 8 hours, doubled for severe infections, to a maximum of 4 g daily.
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| Children over 1 month: 20 mg/kg daily in 3 divided doses, doubled for severe infections, to a maximum of 1 g daily; or 1 month–1 year, 62.5 mg every 8 hours; 1–5 years, 125 mg; over 5 years, 250 mg; doses doubled for severe infections.
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
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| {{CephalosporinAntiBiotics}}
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| [[Category:Cephalosporin antibiotics]]
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| [[hu:Cefaclor]]
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| [[pt:Cefaclor]]
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| [[th:เซฟาคลอร์]]
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| | [[Category:Antibiotics]] |
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