Rifampin isoniazid: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
===Rifampin== | |||
Rifampin was introduced in 1967,<ref name="isbn0-06-273090-8">{{cite book |author=Long, James W. |title=Essential Guide to Prescription Drugs 1992 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |location=New York |year=1991 |pages=925–929 |isbn=0-06-273090-8 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> as a major addition to the cocktail-drug treatment of [[tuberculosis]] and inactive [[meningitis]], along with [[pyrazinamide]], [[isoniazid]], [[ethambutol]] and [[streptomycin]] ("PIERS"). It requires a prescription in North America. It must be administered regularly daily for several months without break; otherwise, the risk of drug-resistant tuberculosis is greatly increased.<ref name="isbn0-06-273090-8" /> In fact, this is the primary reason it is used in tandem with the three aforementioned drugs, particularly isoniazid.<ref name="Erlich">Erlich, Henry, W Ford Doolittle, Volker Neuhoff, and et al. . Molecular Biology of Rifomycin. New York, NY: MSS Information Corporation, 1973. pp. 44-45, 66-75, 124-130.</ref> This is also the primary motivation behind directly observed therapy for tuberculosis. | |||
===Isoniazid=== | |||
Isoniazid also known as isonicotinylhydrazine (INH), is an [[organic compound]] that is the first-line medication in prevention and treatment of [[tuberculosis]]. The compound was first synthesized in the early 20th century,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Meyer H, Mally J|title=On hydrazine derivatives of pyridine carbonic acids|journal=Monatshefte Chemie verwandte Teile anderer Wissenschaften|volume=33|pages=393–414|doi = 10.1007/BF01517946|language=German|year=1912}}[http://springerlink.metapress.com/content/p7145p063227623j/fulltext.pdf PDF fulltext]</ref> but its activity against tuberculosis was first reported in the early 1950s, and three pharmaceutical companies attempted unsuccessfully to simultaneously patent the drug<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Lancet|volume=373|issue=9670|pages=1148–1149|year=2009 | |||
|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60559-6|title=Fourth-generation fluoroquinolones in tuberculosis|author=Hans L Riede|pmid=19345815}}</ref> (the most prominent one being Roche, which launched its version, [http://www.rocheusa.com/about/history.html Rimifon], in 1952). The drug was first tested at [[Many Farms, Arizona|Many Farms]], a [[Navajo Nation|Navajo]] community, due to the Navajo reservation's dire tuberculosis problem and the fact that the population was [[Naïveté|naïve]] with respect to [[streptomycin]], the main tuberculosis treatment at the time.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jones|first=David|title=The Health Care Experiments at Many Farms: The Navajo, Tuberculosis, and the Limits of Modern Medicine, 1952-1962|journal=Bulletin of the History of Medicine|year=2002|volume=76|issue=4|pages=749–790}}</ref> With the introduction of isoniazid, a cure for tuberculosis was first considered reasonable. | |||
==Category== | ==Category== | ||
Revision as of 02:31, 5 January 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chetan Lokhande, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
=Rifampin
Rifampin was introduced in 1967,[1] as a major addition to the cocktail-drug treatment of tuberculosis and inactive meningitis, along with pyrazinamide, isoniazid, ethambutol and streptomycin ("PIERS"). It requires a prescription in North America. It must be administered regularly daily for several months without break; otherwise, the risk of drug-resistant tuberculosis is greatly increased.[1] In fact, this is the primary reason it is used in tandem with the three aforementioned drugs, particularly isoniazid.[2] This is also the primary motivation behind directly observed therapy for tuberculosis.
Isoniazid
Isoniazid also known as isonicotinylhydrazine (INH), is an organic compound that is the first-line medication in prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. The compound was first synthesized in the early 20th century,[3] but its activity against tuberculosis was first reported in the early 1950s, and three pharmaceutical companies attempted unsuccessfully to simultaneously patent the drug[4] (the most prominent one being Roche, which launched its version, Rimifon, in 1952). The drug was first tested at Many Farms, a Navajo community, due to the Navajo reservation's dire tuberculosis problem and the fact that the population was naïve with respect to streptomycin, the main tuberculosis treatment at the time.[5] With the introduction of isoniazid, a cure for tuberculosis was first considered reasonable.
Category
Antimycobacterial
US Brand Names
RIFAMATE®
FDA Package Insert
Description | Clinical Pharmacology | Microbiology | Indications and Usage | Contraindications | Warnings and Precautions | Adverse Reactions | Overdosage | Clinical Studies | Dosage and Administration | Compatibility, Reconstitution, and Stability | Directions For Use | How Supplied | Labels and Packages
Mechanisms of Action
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Long, James W. (1991). Essential Guide to Prescription Drugs 1992. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. pp. 925–929. ISBN 0-06-273090-8.
- ↑ Erlich, Henry, W Ford Doolittle, Volker Neuhoff, and et al. . Molecular Biology of Rifomycin. New York, NY: MSS Information Corporation, 1973. pp. 44-45, 66-75, 124-130.
- ↑ Meyer H, Mally J (1912). "On hydrazine derivatives of pyridine carbonic acids". Monatshefte Chemie verwandte Teile anderer Wissenschaften (in German). 33: 393&ndash, 414. doi:10.1007/BF01517946.PDF fulltext
- ↑ Hans L Riede (2009). "Fourth-generation fluoroquinolones in tuberculosis". Lancet. 373 (9670): 1148&ndash, 1149. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60559-6. PMID 19345815.
- ↑ Jones, David (2002). "The Health Care Experiments at Many Farms: The Navajo, Tuberculosis, and the Limits of Modern Medicine, 1952-1962". Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 76 (4): 749–790.