Alcohol withdrawal resident survival guide: Difference between revisions
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D. The symptoms cannot be better explained by a general medical condition or other mental disorder. | D. The symptoms cannot be better explained by a general medical condition or other mental disorder. | ||
===Assessment of severity of alcohol withdrawal=== | |||
It is based on "The revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar)" scale, and is a 10 item assessment tool that is used to monitor as well as treat patients undergoing withdrawal. | |||
CIWA-Ar scores: | |||
≤ 8 points - to mild withdrawal | |||
9 to 15 points - moderate withdrawal | |||
> 15 points - severe withdrawal (Associated with increased risk of delirium tremens and seizures) | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Index of severity | |||
! Score 0 | |||
! Score 1 | |||
! Score 2 | |||
! Score 3 | |||
! Score 4 | |||
! Score 5 | |||
! Score 6 | |||
! Score 7 | |||
|- | |||
| Nausea & vomiting | |||
| None | |||
| Mild nausea, no vomiting | |||
| - | |||
| Intermittent nausea, dry heaves | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| Constant nausea, frequent dry heaves, vomiting | |||
|- | |||
| Hand tremors | |||
| None | |||
| Tremor not visible but felt | |||
| - | |||
| Moderate tremor with arms extended | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| Severe tremors | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| | |||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the approach to <nowiki>[[Alcohol withdrawal]]</nowiki>. | Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the approach to <nowiki>[[Alcohol withdrawal]]</nowiki>. |
Revision as of 16:16, 9 January 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vidit Bhargava, M.B.B.S [2]
Definition
Alcohol withdrawal is defined as an array of signs and symptoms that a chronic alcoholic presents with, when he abruptly ceases alcohol intake. It occurs within 6-48 hours after cessation of alcohol intake.
Diagnostic criteria
A. Sudden reduction/termination in chronic alcohol intake. B. Two (or more) of the following, developing within several hours to a few days after criterion A: 1. Autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., sweating or pulse rate > than 100/minute) 2. Hand tremors 3. Insomnia 4. Gastrointestinal upset (Nausea or vomiting) 5. Transient visual, tactile, or auditory hallucination s or illusions 6. Psychomotor agitation 7. Anxiety 8. Grand mal seizures C. The symptoms in criterion B causing clinically significant impairment of patients social, occupational or other aspects of life. D. The symptoms cannot be better explained by a general medical condition or other mental disorder.
Assessment of severity of alcohol withdrawal
It is based on "The revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar)" scale, and is a 10 item assessment tool that is used to monitor as well as treat patients undergoing withdrawal. CIWA-Ar scores: ≤ 8 points - to mild withdrawal 9 to 15 points - moderate withdrawal > 15 points - severe withdrawal (Associated with increased risk of delirium tremens and seizures)
Index of severity | Score 0 | Score 1 | Score 2 | Score 3 | Score 4 | Score 5 | Score 6 | Score 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nausea & vomiting | None | Mild nausea, no vomiting | - | Intermittent nausea, dry heaves | - | - | Constant nausea, frequent dry heaves, vomiting | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hand tremors | None | Tremor not visible but felt | - | Moderate tremor with arms extended | - | - | Severe tremors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ManagementShown below is an algorithm summarizing the approach to [[Alcohol withdrawal]].
References |