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===Clinical Clues to the Diagnosis of RAS===
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | A01 | |A01='''Determine if one or more of the following is present:'''  <br> <div style="float: left; text-align: left; height: 20.5em; width: 25em; padding:1em;"> ❑ Onset of hypertension before the age of 30 years or severe hypertension after the age of 55<br> ❑ Accelerated, resistant, or [[malignant hypertension]]<br> ❑ Development of new [[azotemia]] or worsening renal function after administration of an [[ACE inhibitor]] or [[ARB]] agent<br> ❑ Unexplained [[atrophic kidney]] or size discrepancy between kidneys >1.5 cm<br> ❑ Sudden, unexplained pulmonary edema<br> ❑ Unexplained renal dysfunction, including individuals starting renal replacement therapy<br>❑ Multi-vessel [[CAD]]<br> ❑ Unexplained [[CHF]]<br> ❑ Refractory [[angina]] </div>}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | | | | A01= Suspected syncope: <br> <div style="float: left; text-align: left;">❑ Initial Assessment]</div> }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | A01= <div style="float: left; text-align: left;">❑ Clinical history <br> ❑ Physical examination (including supine and standing BP measurement after 3 minutes if [[OH]] is suspected) <br> ❑ 12 Lead [[EKG]] </div> }}
{{familytree | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | B02 | B01='''If yes:''' <br>  <div style=height: 1em; width: 10em; padding:1em;">❑ Proceed with non-invasive imaging<br> </div>| B02= '''If no:'''<br> <div style=height: 1em; width: 10em; padding:1em;">❑ Proceed with invasive renal arteriography </div>}}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | C01 | | | C02 | | | | | | C01= Syncope | C02= T-LOC non syncopal}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree | | |,|-|^|-|.| | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | C01 | | | | | | | | |!| | C01=<div style="height: 1em; width: 15em; padding:1em;">'''Is patient allergic to contrast'''</div>}}
{{familytree | | D01 | | D02 | D03 | | | D01= '''Certain diagnosis of syncope:''' <br><div style="float: left; text-align: left;"> ❑ Go to Diagnostic Evaluation algorithm for management of specific type of syncope </div> | D02= Uncertain etiology | D03= Confirm with specific test OR specialist}}
{{familytree | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | |!| | }}
{{familytree | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | D01 | | D02 | | | | | | D03 | D01= '''If yes:'''<br> <div style=height: 1em; width: 10em; padding:1em;">❑ Proceed with US<br></div>| D02= '''If no check for:''' <br><div style=float: left; text-align: left; height: 16em; width: 10em; padding:1em;"> ❑ Implanted devices:<br>
 
- Pacemakers<br>
 
- Defibrillators<br>
 
- Cochlear implants<br>
 
- Spinal cord stimulators <br>
 
❑ Claustrophobic patient </div>| D03= <div style="height: 3em; width: 25em;">❑ [[Abdominal aortography]] to assess the renal arteries during coronary and peripheral[[angiography]]</div>}}
{{familytree | | D01 | | D02 | | D03 | | |D01= '''High risk:''' <br><div style="float: left; text-align: left;"> ❑ Early Evaluation and treatment</div> |D02='''Low risk, recurrent syncopes:''' <br><div style="float: left; text-align: left;"> ❑ Cardiac or neurally mediated tests as appropriate '''OR''' <br> Delayed treatment guided by EKG documentation </div>|D03='''Low risk, single or rare syncope:''' <br> <div style="float: left; text-align: left;"> ❑ No further evaluation </div> }}  
{{familytree | | |!| |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | |!| E01 | | E02 | | | | |!| | | | E01=<div style="height: 3em; width: 10em; padding:1em;">If none of the above proceed with [[MRA]]
</div>| E02= <div style="height: 3em; width: 13em; padding:1em;">If yes to any of the above, proceed with [[CT]]</div>}}
{{familytree | | |`|-|-|+|-|-|'| | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |!| |}}
{{familytree | | | F01 | | F02 | | | | | F03 | F01= <div style="height: 5em; width: 10em;">Negative noninvasive test but with high clinical suspicion </div>| F02= <div style="height: 3em; width: 10em;">Evidence of RAS </div>| F03= <div style="height: 3em; width: 10em;">Evidence of RAS </div>}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | |!| | }}
{{familytree | | | G01 | | |!| | | | | | |!| G01= <div style="height: 2em; width: 10em; padding:1em;">'''Go to invasive imaging'''</div>}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | |!| | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |`|-|-| H01 |-|'| H01= <div style="height: 7.5em; width: 10em; padding:1em;">'''Confirmed RAS:'''
❑Proceed to medical therapy
❑Consider revascularization</div>}}
{{familytree/end}}
{{familytree/end}}

Revision as of 23:40, 9 January 2014



 
 
 
 
 
 
Suspected syncope:
❑ Initial Assessment]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ B01 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Syncope
 
 
T-LOC non syncopal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certain diagnosis of syncope:
❑ Go to Diagnostic Evaluation algorithm for management of specific type of syncope
 
Uncertain etiologyConfirm with specific test OR specialist
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
High risk:
❑ Early Evaluation and treatment
 
Low risk, recurrent syncopes:
❑ Cardiac or neurally mediated tests as appropriate OR
Delayed treatment guided by EKG documentation
 
Low risk, single or rare syncope:
❑ No further evaluation