Endometritis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox disease | |||
| Name = Endometritis | |||
| Image = Endometritis - 2 - cropped - very high mag.jpg | |||
| Caption = [[Micrograph]] showing a chronic endometritis with the characteristic [[plasma cell]]s. Scattered [[neutrophil]]s are also present. [[H&E stain]]. | |||
| DiseasesDB = 4283 | |||
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|N|71||n|70}} | |||
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|615.9}} | |||
| ICDO = | |||
| OMIM = | |||
| MedlinePlus = 001484 | |||
| eMedicineSubj = med | |||
| eMedicineTopic = 676 | |||
| eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|ped|678}} | |||
| MeshID = D004716 | |||
}} | |||
'''Endometritis''' | '''Endometritis''' refers to [[inflammation]] of the [[endometrium]],<ref>{{DorlandsDict|three/000035349|endometritis}}</ref> the inner lining of the [[uterus]]. [[Pathology|Pathologists]] have traditionally classified endometritis as either [[Acute (medical)|acute]] or [[chronic (medicine)|chronic]]: acute endometritis is characterized by the presence of microabscesses or [[neutrophil]]s within the endometrial [[glands]], while chronic endometritis is distinguished by variable numbers of [[plasma cells]] within the endometrial [[stroma (animal tissue)|stroma]]. The most common cause of endometritis is [[infection]]. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain, fever and abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge. [[Caesarean section]], [[prolonged rupture of membranes]] and long labor with multiple [[vaginal examination]]s are important risk factors. Treatment is usually with broad-spectrum [[antibiotic]]s. | ||
==== | The term "endomyometritis" is sometimes used to specify inflammation of the endometrium and the [[myometrium]].<ref name="isbn0-7817-5532-8">{{cite book |author=Hubert Guedj; Baggish, Michael S.; Valle, Rafael Heliodoro |title=Hysteroscopy: visual perspectives of uterine anatomy, physiology, and pathology |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Hagerstwon, MD |year=2007 |pages=488 |isbn=0-7817-5532-8 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
== Acute Endometritis == | |||
Acute Endometritis is characterized by infection. The organisms isolated are most often infection are believed to be because of compromised abortions, delivery, medical instrumentation, and retention of placental fragments. Histologically, neutrophilic infiltration of the endometrial tissue is present during acute endometritis. The clinical presentation is typically high fever and purulent vaginal discharge. Menstruation after acute endometritis is excessive and in uncomplicated cases can resolve after 2 weeks of [[clindamycin]] and [[gentamicin]] [[intravenous|IV antibiotic treatment]]. | |||
In certain populations, it has been associated with ''[[Mycoplasma genitalium]]''.<ref name="pmid11888591">{{cite journal |author=Cohen CR, Manhart LE, Bukusi EA, ''et al.'' |title=Association between Mycoplasma genitalium and acute endometritis |journal=Lancet |volume=359 |issue=9308 |pages=765–6 |year=2002 |month=March |pmid=11888591 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07848-0 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140-6736(02)07848-0}}</ref> | |||
[[ | |||
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= | == Chronic Endometritis == | ||
Chronic Endometritis is characterized by the presence of [[plasma cells]] in the stroma. Lymphocytes, eosinophils, and even lymphoid follicles may be seen, but in the absence of plasma cells, are not enough to warrant a histologic diagnosis. It may be seen in up to 10% of all endometrial biopsies performed for irregular bleeding. The most common organisms are [[Chlamydia trachomatis]] ([[Chlamydia infection|chlamydia]]), [[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]] ([[gonorrhea]]), Streptococcus agalactiae ([[Group B Streptococcus]]), [[Mycoplasma hominis]], [[tuberculosis]], and various viruses. Most of these agents are capable of causing chronic [[pelvic inflammatory disease]] (PID). Patients suffering from chronic endometritis may have an underlying cancer of the cervix or endometrium (although infectious etiology is more common). Antibiotic therapy is curative in most cases (depending on underlying etiology), with fairly rapid alleviation of symptoms after only 2 to 3 days. | |||
Chronic granulomatous endometritis is usually caused by tuberculous. The granulomas are small, sparse, and without caseation. The granulomas take up to 2 weeks to develop and since the endometrium is shed every 4 weeks, the granulomas are poorly formed. | |||
In human medicine, pyometra (also a veterinary condition of significance) is regarded as a form of chronic endometritis seen in elderly women causing stenosis of the cervical os and accumulation of discharges and infection. Symptom in chronic endometritis is blood stained discharge but in pyometra the patient complaints of lower abdominal pain. | |||
==== | == Pyometra == | ||
{{main|Pyometra}} | |||
Pyometra describes an accumulation of pus in the uterine cavity. In order for pyometra to develop, there must be both an infection ''and'' blockage of cervix. Signs and symptoms include lower abdominal pain (suprapubic), rigors, fever, and the discharge of pus on introduction of a sound into the uterus. | |||
Pyometra is treated with antibiotics, according to culture and sensitivity. | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Maternal death]] | |||
*[[Puerperal fever]] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | |||
{{Inflammation}} | |||
{{Diseases of the pelvis and genitals}} | |||
{{ | |||
{{ | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Inflammations]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic organs]] | ||
Revision as of 14:12, 10 January 2014
| Endometritis | |
| Classification and external resources | |
| File:Endometritis - 2 - cropped - very high mag.jpg | |
|---|---|
| Micrograph showing a chronic endometritis with the characteristic plasma cells. Scattered neutrophils are also present. H&E stain. | |
| ICD-10 | N71 |
| ICD-9 | 615.9 |
| DiseasesDB | 4283 |
| MedlinePlus | 001484 |
| eMedicine | med/676 ped/678 |
| MeSH | D004716 |
Endometritis refers to inflammation of the endometrium,[1] the inner lining of the uterus. Pathologists have traditionally classified endometritis as either acute or chronic: acute endometritis is characterized by the presence of microabscesses or neutrophils within the endometrial glands, while chronic endometritis is distinguished by variable numbers of plasma cells within the endometrial stroma. The most common cause of endometritis is infection. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain, fever and abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge. Caesarean section, prolonged rupture of membranes and long labor with multiple vaginal examinations are important risk factors. Treatment is usually with broad-spectrum antibiotics.
The term "endomyometritis" is sometimes used to specify inflammation of the endometrium and the myometrium.[2]
Acute Endometritis
Acute Endometritis is characterized by infection. The organisms isolated are most often infection are believed to be because of compromised abortions, delivery, medical instrumentation, and retention of placental fragments. Histologically, neutrophilic infiltration of the endometrial tissue is present during acute endometritis. The clinical presentation is typically high fever and purulent vaginal discharge. Menstruation after acute endometritis is excessive and in uncomplicated cases can resolve after 2 weeks of clindamycin and gentamicin IV antibiotic treatment.
In certain populations, it has been associated with Mycoplasma genitalium.[3]
Chronic Endometritis
Chronic Endometritis is characterized by the presence of plasma cells in the stroma. Lymphocytes, eosinophils, and even lymphoid follicles may be seen, but in the absence of plasma cells, are not enough to warrant a histologic diagnosis. It may be seen in up to 10% of all endometrial biopsies performed for irregular bleeding. The most common organisms are Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea), Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus), Mycoplasma hominis, tuberculosis, and various viruses. Most of these agents are capable of causing chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Patients suffering from chronic endometritis may have an underlying cancer of the cervix or endometrium (although infectious etiology is more common). Antibiotic therapy is curative in most cases (depending on underlying etiology), with fairly rapid alleviation of symptoms after only 2 to 3 days.
Chronic granulomatous endometritis is usually caused by tuberculous. The granulomas are small, sparse, and without caseation. The granulomas take up to 2 weeks to develop and since the endometrium is shed every 4 weeks, the granulomas are poorly formed.
In human medicine, pyometra (also a veterinary condition of significance) is regarded as a form of chronic endometritis seen in elderly women causing stenosis of the cervical os and accumulation of discharges and infection. Symptom in chronic endometritis is blood stained discharge but in pyometra the patient complaints of lower abdominal pain.
Pyometra
Pyometra describes an accumulation of pus in the uterine cavity. In order for pyometra to develop, there must be both an infection and blockage of cervix. Signs and symptoms include lower abdominal pain (suprapubic), rigors, fever, and the discharge of pus on introduction of a sound into the uterus. Pyometra is treated with antibiotics, according to culture and sensitivity.
See also
References
- ↑ Template:DorlandsDict
- ↑ Hubert Guedj; Baggish, Michael S.; Valle, Rafael Heliodoro (2007). Hysteroscopy: visual perspectives of uterine anatomy, physiology, and pathology. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 488. ISBN 0-7817-5532-8.
- ↑ Cohen CR, Manhart LE, Bukusi EA; et al. (2002). "Association between Mycoplasma genitalium and acute endometritis". Lancet. 359 (9308): 765–6. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07848-0. PMID 11888591. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)