Renal cell carcinoma risk factors: Difference between revisions

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==Risk factors==
==Risk factors==
Most patients with renal cell carcinoma do not have typical risk factors; their cause of developing renal cell carcinoma remains unknown. Established risk factors for the development of renal cell carcinoma are shown below:
Most patients with renal cell carcinoma do not have typical risk factors; their cause of developing renal cell carcinoma remains unknown. Established risk factors for the development of renal cell carcinoma are shown below:
*Active and passive cigarette smoking(5,6)
*Active and passive cigarette smoking<ref name="pmid15523697">{{cite journal| author=Hunt JD, van der Hel OL, McMillan GP, Boffetta P, Brennan P| title=Renal cell carcinoma in relation to cigarette smoking: meta-analysis of 24 studies. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 2005 | volume= 114 | issue= 1 | pages= 101-8 | pmid=15523697 | doi=10.1002/ijc.20618 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15523697  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9610793">{{cite journal| author=Yuan JM, Castelao JE, Gago-Dominguez M, Yu MC, Ross RK| title=Tobacco use in relation to renal cell carcinoma. | journal=Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev | year= 1998 | volume= 7 | issue= 5 | pages= 429-33 | pmid=9610793 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9610793  }} </ref>
*Obesity (7,8)
*Obesity<ref name="pmid15583369">{{cite journal| author=Bjørge T, Tretli S, Engeland A| title=Relation of height and body mass index to renal cell carcinoma in two million Norwegian men and women. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 2004 | volume= 160 | issue= 12 | pages= 1168-76 | pmid=15583369 | doi=10.1093/aje/ | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15583369  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15583368">{{cite journal| author=van Dijk BA, Schouten LJ, Kiemeney LA, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA| title=Relation of height, body mass, energy intake, and physical activity to risk of renal cell carcinoma: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 2004 | volume= 160 | issue= 12 | pages= 1159-67 | pmid=15583368 | doi=10.1093/aje/ | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15583368  }} </ref>
*Hypertension
*Hypertension
*End-stage renal failure(13,14)
*End-stage renal failure<ref name="pmid12653256">{{cite journal| author=Ishikawa I, Saito Y, Asaka M, Tomosugi N, Yuri T, Watanabe M et al.| title=Twenty-year follow-up of acquired renal cystic disease. | journal=Clin Nephrol | year= 2003 | volume= 59 | issue= 3 | pages= 153-9 | pmid=12653256 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12653256  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17003820">{{cite journal| author=Rakowski SK, Winterkorn EB, Paul E, Steele DJ, Halpern EF, Thiele EA| title=Renal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: Incidence, prognosis, and predictive factors. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 2006 | volume= 70 | issue= 10 | pages= 1777-82 | pmid=17003820 | doi=10.1038/sj.ki.5001853 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17003820  }} </ref>


*Acquired cystic renal disease (13,14)
*Acquired cystic renal disease<ref name="pmid12653256">{{cite journal| author=Ishikawa I, Saito Y, Asaka M, Tomosugi N, Yuri T, Watanabe M et al.| title=Twenty-year follow-up of acquired renal cystic disease. | journal=Clin Nephrol | year= 2003 | volume= 59 | issue= 3 | pages= 153-9 | pmid=12653256 | doi= | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12653256  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17003820">{{cite journal| author=Rakowski SK, Winterkorn EB, Paul E, Steele DJ, Halpern EF, Thiele EA| title=Renal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: Incidence, prognosis, and predictive factors. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 2006 |volume= 70 | issue= 10 | pages= 1777-82 | pmid=17003820 | doi=10.1038/sj.ki.5001853 |pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17003820  }} </ref>


*Acetaminophen and analgesic drug use
*Acetaminophen and analgesic drug use<ref name="pmid7829242">{{cite journal| author=McCredie M, Pommer W, McLaughlin JK, Stewart JH, Lindblad P, Mandel JS et al.| title=International renal-cell cancer study. II. Analgesics. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 1995 | volume= 60 | issue= 3 | pages= 345-9 | pmid=7829242 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7829242  }} </ref>
*Asbestos or trichloroethylene exposure(15)
*Asbestos or trichloroethylene exposure<ref name="pmid7829242">{{cite journal| author=McCredie M, Pommer W, McLaughlin JK, Stewart JH, Lindblad P, Mandel JS et al.| title=International renal-cell cancer study. II. Analgesics. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 1995 | volume= 60 | issue= 3 | pages= 345-9 | pmid=7829242 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7829242  }} </ref>
*Tuberous sclerosis (13,14)
*Tuberous sclerosis<ref name="pmid12653256">{{cite journal| author=Ishikawa I, Saito Y, Asaka M, Tomosugi N, Yuri T, Watanabe M et al.| title=Twenty-year follow-up of acquired renal cystic disease. | journal=Clin Nephrol | year= 2003 | volume= 59 | issue= 3 | pages= 153-9 | pmid=12653256 | doi= | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12653256  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17003820">{{cite journal| author=Rakowski SK, Winterkorn EB, Paul E, Steele DJ, Halpern EF, Thiele EA| title=Renal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: Incidence, prognosis, and predictive factors. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 2006 |volume= 70 | issue= 10 | pages= 1777-82 | pmid=17003820 | doi=10.1038/sj.ki.5001853 |pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17003820  }} </ref>
*von-Hippel Lindau(17)
*von-Hippel Lindau<ref name="pmid12814730">{{cite journal| author=Lonser RR, Glenn GM, Walther M, Chew EY, Libutti SK, Linehan WM et al.| title=von Hippel-Lindau disease. | journal=Lancet | year= 2003 | volume= 361 | issue= 9374 | pages= 2059-67 | pmid=12814730 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13643-4 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12814730  }} </ref>
*Hereditary paraganglioma (0)
*Hereditary paraganglioma<ref name="pmid19269025">{{cite journal| author=Rini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B| title=Renal cell carcinoma. | journal=Lancet | year= 2009 | volume= 373 | issue= 9669 | pages= 1119-32 | pmid=19269025 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60229-4 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19269025  }} </ref>
*Leiomyomatosis
*Leiomyomatosis
*Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome(0)
*Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome<ref name="pmid19269025">{{cite journal| author=Rini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B| title=Renal cell carcinoma. | journal=Lancet | year= 2009 | volume= 373 | issue= 9669 | pages= 1119-32 | pmid=19269025 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60229-4 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19269025  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 17:23, 11 January 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

Risk factors

Most patients with renal cell carcinoma do not have typical risk factors; their cause of developing renal cell carcinoma remains unknown. Established risk factors for the development of renal cell carcinoma are shown below:

  • Active and passive cigarette smoking[1][2]
  • Obesity[3][4]
  • Hypertension
  • End-stage renal failure[5][6]
  • Acquired cystic renal disease[5][6]
  • Acetaminophen and analgesic drug use[7]
  • Asbestos or trichloroethylene exposure[7]
  • Tuberous sclerosis[5][6]
  • von-Hippel Lindau[8]
  • Hereditary paraganglioma[9]
  • Leiomyomatosis
  • Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome[9]

References

  1. ↑ Hunt JD, van der Hel OL, McMillan GP, Boffetta P, Brennan P (2005). "Renal cell carcinoma in relation to cigarette smoking: meta-analysis of 24 studies". Int J Cancer. 114 (1): 101–8. doi:10.1002/ijc.20618. PMID 15523697.
  2. ↑ Yuan JM, Castelao JE, Gago-Dominguez M, Yu MC, Ross RK (1998). "Tobacco use in relation to renal cell carcinoma". Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 7 (5): 429–33. PMID 9610793.
  3. ↑ Bjørge T, Tretli S, Engeland A (2004). "Relation of height and body mass index to renal cell carcinoma in two million Norwegian men and women". Am J Epidemiol. 160 (12): 1168–76. doi:10.1093/aje/. PMID 15583369.
  4. ↑ van Dijk BA, Schouten LJ, Kiemeney LA, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA (2004). "Relation of height, body mass, energy intake, and physical activity to risk of renal cell carcinoma: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study". Am J Epidemiol. 160 (12): 1159–67. doi:10.1093/aje/. PMID 15583368.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Ishikawa I, Saito Y, Asaka M, Tomosugi N, Yuri T, Watanabe M; et al. (2003). "Twenty-year follow-up of acquired renal cystic disease". Clin Nephrol. 59 (3): 153–9. PMID 12653256.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Rakowski SK, Winterkorn EB, Paul E, Steele DJ, Halpern EF, Thiele EA (2006). "Renal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: Incidence, prognosis, and predictive factors". Kidney Int. 70 (10): 1777–82. doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5001853. PMID 17003820.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 McCredie M, Pommer W, McLaughlin JK, Stewart JH, Lindblad P, Mandel JS; et al. (1995). "International renal-cell cancer study. II. Analgesics". Int J Cancer. 60 (3): 345–9. PMID 7829242.
  8. ↑ Lonser RR, Glenn GM, Walther M, Chew EY, Libutti SK, Linehan WM; et al. (2003). "von Hippel-Lindau disease". Lancet. 361 (9374): 2059–67. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13643-4. PMID 12814730.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Rini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B (2009). "Renal cell carcinoma". Lancet. 373 (9669): 1119–32. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60229-4. PMID 19269025.
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