Renal cell carcinoma history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==


==Symptoms==
==Symptoms and Signs==
===Symptoms===
Patients with renal cell carcinoma typically present at 60-70 years of age. The most common diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma is based on the incidental finding; whereby most patients are asymptomatic.
 
Symptoms are often classified as local and systemic:
The classic triad is
===Local Symptoms and Signs===
* [[Hematuria]] (blood in the urine)
The presence of local signs is considered a poor prognostic marker
* [[Flank pain]]
*Hematuria
* [[Abdominal mass]]
*Flank pain
This "classic triad" is infrequently present when the patient first presents for medical attention.
*Palpable abdominal mass
 
===Systemic Symptoms and Signs===
Other signs may include:
The presence of systemic symptoms is mostly due to the presence of a paraneoplastic syndrome, mostly due to the presence of parathyroid-related protein (PTHrp) or a metastasis.
 
*Hypertension (renin secretion)
* Abnormal urine color (dark, rusty, or brown) due to [[blood in the urine]] (found in 60% of cases)
*Hypercalcemia (PTHrp secretion)
* Loin or groin pain (found in 40% of cases)
*Flushing (Erythroprotein secretion)
* [[Abdominal mass]] (25% of cases)
*Fever
* [[Malaise]], [[weight loss]] or [[anorexia]] (30% of cases)
*Fatigue
* [[Anemia]] resulting from depression of [[erythropoietin]] (5% of cases)
*Weight loss
* Bone [[pain]]- the presenting symptom may be due to [[metastatic disease]], such as a pathologic fracture of the hip due to a metastasis to the bone
*Anorexia
* Enlargement of one [[testicle]] known as [[varicocele]] (usually the left, due to blockage of the left [[gonadal vein]] by tumor invasion of the left [[renal vein]] -- the right gonadal vein drains directly into the [[inferior vena cava]])
*Muscle atrophy
* [[Hirsutism]] - Excessive hair growth (females)
* [[Constipation]]
* [[Pyrexia of unknown origin]]


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 17:35, 11 January 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

Symptoms and Signs

Patients with renal cell carcinoma typically present at 60-70 years of age. The most common diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma is based on the incidental finding; whereby most patients are asymptomatic. Symptoms are often classified as local and systemic:

Local Symptoms and Signs

The presence of local signs is considered a poor prognostic marker

  • Hematuria
  • Flank pain
  • Palpable abdominal mass

Systemic Symptoms and Signs

The presence of systemic symptoms is mostly due to the presence of a paraneoplastic syndrome, mostly due to the presence of parathyroid-related protein (PTHrp) or a metastasis.

  • Hypertension (renin secretion)
  • Hypercalcemia (PTHrp secretion)
  • Flushing (Erythroprotein secretion)
  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Weight loss
  • Anorexia
  • Muscle atrophy

References