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__NOTOC__ | |||
{{Benazepril}} | |||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | |||
'''''For patient information about Benazepril, click [[Benazepril (patient information)|here]].''''' | |||
{{SB}} Lotensin | |||
== | ==Overview== | ||
'''Benazepril''', brand name '''Lotensin''' (Novartis), is a medication used to treat high blood pressure ([[hypertension]]), [[congestive heart failure]], and [[chronic renal failure]]. Upon cleavage of its [[ester]] group by the [[liver]], benazepril is converted into its active form benazeprilat, a non-sulfhydryl [[angiotensin-converting enzyme]] (ACE) [[ACE inhibitor|inhibitor]]. | |||
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== | ==Category== | ||
Antihypertensive Agents, ACE Inhibitors | |||
== | ==FDA Package Insert== | ||
== | ====LOTENSIN (benazepril hydrochloride) tablet==== | ||
''' [[Benazepril indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]''' | |||
[ | '''| [[Benazepril dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]''' | ||
'''| [[Benazepril dosage forms and strengths|Dosage Forms and Strengths]]''' | |||
'''| [[Benazepril contraindications|Contraindications]]''' | |||
'''| [[Benazepril warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]''' | |||
'''| [[Benazepril adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]''' | |||
'''| [[Benazepril drug interactions|Drug Interactions]]''' | |||
'''| [[Benazepril use in specific populations|Use in Specific Populations]]''' | |||
'''| [[Benazepril overdosage|Overdosage]]''' | |||
'''| [[Benazepril description|Description]]''' | |||
'''| [[Benazepril clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]''' | |||
'''| [[Benazepril nonclinical toxicology|Nonclinical Toxicology]]''' | |||
'''| [[Benazepril clinical studies|Clinical Studies]]''' | |||
'''| [[Benazepril how supplied storage and handling|How Supplied/Storage and Handling]]''' | |||
'''| [[Benazepril patient counseling information|Patient Counseling Information]]''' | |||
'''| [[Benazepril labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]''' | |||
==Mechanism of Action== | |||
==Dosage forms== | |||
Benazepril is available as oral tablets, in 5-, 10-, 20-, and 40-mg doses. | |||
Benazepril is also available in combination with [[hydrochlorothiazide]], under the trade name '''Lotensin HCT''', and with [[amlodipine]] (trade name '''Lotrel'''). | |||
==Side effects== | |||
Most commonly, [[headache]]s and [[cough]] can occur with its use. [[Anaphylaxis]], [[angioedema]] and [[hyperkalemia]], the elevation of potassium levels, can also occur. | |||
Benazepril may cause harm to the [[fetus]] during [[pregnancy]]. | |||
==Contraindications== | |||
Benazepril should be discontinued during pregnancy. | |||
==Kidney disease== | |||
According to a 2006 article in the ''[[New England Journal of Medicine]]'', patients with advanced [[renal insufficiency]] taking benazepril showed "substantial" kidney benefits.<ref name = Hou>{{cite journal | author = Hou F, Zhang X, Zhang G, Xie D, Chen P, Zhang W, Jiang J, Liang M, Wang G, Liu Z, Geng R | title = Efficacy and safety of benazepril for advanced chronic renal insufficiency | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 354 | issue = 2 | pages = 131–40 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16407508 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa053107}}</ref> | |||
A long-term study of patients' kidney disease revealed patients who took benazepril had better [[kidney function]] and slower progressions of kidney disease than their peers who took a [[placebo]] drug.<ref name = Hitti>{{cite web |url= http://www.webmd.com/content/article/117/112524.htm |title= Drug May Treat Advanced Kidney Disease |accessdate= 2006-09-07 |last= Hitti |first= Miranda |coauthors= Chang, Louise |date= January 11, 2006 |publisher = [[WebMD]]}}</ref> This is notable because this category of pharmaceuticals has long been thought to cause further kidney damage or increase the rate of progression for kidney disease. | |||
According to coverage of the study on WebMD: | |||
{{cquote|[[ACE inhibitor]]s can pose a potential threat to kidneys as well. The key question was whether damaged kidneys would worsen if patients took ACE inhibitors. In a nutshell, concerns centered on blood levels of [[potassium]] and [[creatinine]], waste products that are excreted by the kidneys. Testing creatinine levels in the blood is used as a way to monitor kidney function (...) kidney problems worsened more slowly in those taking Lotensin. Overall, there were no major differences in side effects between patients taking Lotensin or the placebo.<ref name = Hitti/>}} | |||
This study marks the first indication that benazepril, and perhaps other ACE inhibitors, may actually be beneficial in the treatment of [[hypertension]] in patients with kidney disease. | |||
==Veterinary use== | |||
Under the brand names Fortekor ([[Novartis]]) and VetACE (Jurox Animal Health),{{cn|date=November 2013}} benazepril [[hydrochloride]] is used to treat [[congestive heart failure]] in dogs<ref>{{cite journal |author=King JN, Mauron C, Kaiser G |title=Pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite of benazepril, benazeprilat, and inhibition of plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity after single and repeated administrations to dogs |journal=Am. J. Vet. Res. |volume=56 |issue=12 |pages=1620–8 |date=December 1995 |pmid=8599524 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=O'Grady MR, O'Sullivan ML, Minors SL, Horne R |title=Efficacy of benazepril hydrochloride to delay the progression of occult dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers |journal=J. Vet. Intern. Med. |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=977–83 |year=2009 |pmid=19572914 |doi=10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0346.x }}</ref> and [[chronic renal failure]] in dogs and cats.{{cn|date=November 2013}} | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Cardiovascular Drugs]] | |||
[[Category:Drugs]] | [[Category:Drugs]] | ||
Revision as of 16:58, 11 February 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
For patient information about Benazepril, click here.
Synonyms / Brand Names: Lotensin
Overview
Benazepril, brand name Lotensin (Novartis), is a medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), congestive heart failure, and chronic renal failure. Upon cleavage of its ester group by the liver, benazepril is converted into its active form benazeprilat, a non-sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.
Category
Antihypertensive Agents, ACE Inhibitors
FDA Package Insert
LOTENSIN (benazepril hydrochloride) tablet
Indications and Usage | Dosage and Administration | Dosage Forms and Strengths | Contraindications | Warnings and Precautions | Adverse Reactions | Drug Interactions | Use in Specific Populations | Overdosage | Description | Clinical Pharmacology | Nonclinical Toxicology | Clinical Studies | How Supplied/Storage and Handling | Patient Counseling Information | Labels and Packages
Mechanism of Action
Dosage forms
Benazepril is available as oral tablets, in 5-, 10-, 20-, and 40-mg doses.
Benazepril is also available in combination with hydrochlorothiazide, under the trade name Lotensin HCT, and with amlodipine (trade name Lotrel).
Side effects
Most commonly, headaches and cough can occur with its use. Anaphylaxis, angioedema and hyperkalemia, the elevation of potassium levels, can also occur.
Benazepril may cause harm to the fetus during pregnancy.
Contraindications
Benazepril should be discontinued during pregnancy.
Kidney disease
According to a 2006 article in the New England Journal of Medicine, patients with advanced renal insufficiency taking benazepril showed "substantial" kidney benefits.[1]
A long-term study of patients' kidney disease revealed patients who took benazepril had better kidney function and slower progressions of kidney disease than their peers who took a placebo drug.[2] This is notable because this category of pharmaceuticals has long been thought to cause further kidney damage or increase the rate of progression for kidney disease.
According to coverage of the study on WebMD:
| “ | ACE inhibitors can pose a potential threat to kidneys as well. The key question was whether damaged kidneys would worsen if patients took ACE inhibitors. In a nutshell, concerns centered on blood levels of potassium and creatinine, waste products that are excreted by the kidneys. Testing creatinine levels in the blood is used as a way to monitor kidney function (...) kidney problems worsened more slowly in those taking Lotensin. Overall, there were no major differences in side effects between patients taking Lotensin or the placebo.[2] | ” |
This study marks the first indication that benazepril, and perhaps other ACE inhibitors, may actually be beneficial in the treatment of hypertension in patients with kidney disease.
Veterinary use
Under the brand names Fortekor (Novartis) and VetACE (Jurox Animal Health),[citation needed] benazepril hydrochloride is used to treat congestive heart failure in dogs[3][4] and chronic renal failure in dogs and cats.[citation needed]
References
- ↑ Hou F, Zhang X, Zhang G, Xie D, Chen P, Zhang W, Jiang J, Liang M, Wang G, Liu Z, Geng R (2006). "Efficacy and safety of benazepril for advanced chronic renal insufficiency". N Engl J Med. 354 (2): 131–40. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa053107. PMID 16407508.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hitti, Miranda (January 11, 2006). "Drug May Treat Advanced Kidney Disease". WebMD. Retrieved 2006-09-07. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help) - ↑ King JN, Mauron C, Kaiser G (December 1995). "Pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite of benazepril, benazeprilat, and inhibition of plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity after single and repeated administrations to dogs". Am. J. Vet. Res. 56 (12): 1620–8. PMID 8599524.
- ↑ O'Grady MR, O'Sullivan ML, Minors SL, Horne R (2009). "Efficacy of benazepril hydrochloride to delay the progression of occult dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers". J. Vet. Intern. Med. 23 (5): 977–83. doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0346.x. PMID 19572914.