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| ==Mechanism of Action==
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| Benazepril inhibits [[angiotensin-converting enzyme|angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)]]. ACE is a peptidyl dipeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor substance, [[angiotensin II]]. Angiotensin II also stimulates [[aldosterone]] secretion by the [[adrenal cortex]]. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma [[angiotensin II]], which leads to decreased [[vasopressor]] activity and to decreased [[aldosterone]] secretion. The latter decrease may result in a small increase of serum [[potassium]].
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| ==Dosage forms==
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| Benazepril is available as oral tablets, in 5-, 10-, 20-, and 40-mg doses.
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| Benazepril is also available in combination with [[hydrochlorothiazide]], under the trade name '''Lotensin HCT''', and with [[amlodipine]] (trade name '''Lotrel''').
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| ==Side effects==
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| Most commonly, [[headache]]s and [[cough]] can occur with its use. [[Anaphylaxis]], [[angioedema]] and [[hyperkalemia]], the elevation of potassium levels, can also occur.
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| Benazepril may cause harm to the [[fetus]] during [[pregnancy]].
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| ==Contraindications==
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| Benazepril should be discontinued during pregnancy.
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| ==Kidney disease==
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| According to a 2006 article in the ''[[New England Journal of Medicine]]'', patients with advanced [[renal insufficiency]] taking benazepril showed "substantial" kidney benefits.<ref name = Hou>{{cite journal | author = Hou F, Zhang X, Zhang G, Xie D, Chen P, Zhang W, Jiang J, Liang M, Wang G, Liu Z, Geng R | title = Efficacy and safety of benazepril for advanced chronic renal insufficiency | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 354 | issue = 2 | pages = 131–40 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16407508 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa053107}}</ref>
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| A long-term study of patients' kidney disease revealed patients who took benazepril had better [[kidney function]] and slower progressions of kidney disease than their peers who took a [[placebo]] drug.<ref name = Hitti>{{cite web |url= http://www.webmd.com/content/article/117/112524.htm |title= Drug May Treat Advanced Kidney Disease |accessdate= 2006-09-07 |last= Hitti |first= Miranda |coauthors= Chang, Louise |date= January 11, 2006 |publisher = [[WebMD]]}}</ref> This is notable because this category of pharmaceuticals has long been thought to cause further kidney damage or increase the rate of progression for kidney disease.
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| According to coverage of the study on WebMD:
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| {{cquote|[[ACE inhibitor]]s can pose a potential threat to kidneys as well. The key question was whether damaged kidneys would worsen if patients took ACE inhibitors. In a nutshell, concerns centered on blood levels of [[potassium]] and [[creatinine]], waste products that are excreted by the kidneys. Testing creatinine levels in the blood is used as a way to monitor kidney function (...) kidney problems worsened more slowly in those taking Lotensin. Overall, there were no major differences in side effects between patients taking Lotensin or the placebo.<ref name = Hitti/>}}
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| This study marks the first indication that benazepril, and perhaps other ACE inhibitors, may actually be beneficial in the treatment of [[hypertension]] in patients with kidney disease.
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| ==Veterinary use==
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| Under the brand names Fortekor ([[Novartis]]) and VetACE (Jurox Animal Health),{{cn|date=November 2013}} benazepril [[hydrochloride]] is used to treat [[congestive heart failure]] in dogs<ref>{{cite journal |author=King JN, Mauron C, Kaiser G |title=Pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite of benazepril, benazeprilat, and inhibition of plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity after single and repeated administrations to dogs |journal=Am. J. Vet. Res. |volume=56 |issue=12 |pages=1620–8 |date=December 1995 |pmid=8599524 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=O'Grady MR, O'Sullivan ML, Minors SL, Horne R |title=Efficacy of benazepril hydrochloride to delay the progression of occult dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers |journal=J. Vet. Intern. Med. |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=977–83 |year=2009 |pmid=19572914 |doi=10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0346.x }}</ref> and [[chronic renal failure]] in dogs and cats.{{cn|date=November 2013}}
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amr Marawan, M.D. [2]
For patient information about Benazepril, click here.
Synonyms / Brand Names: Lotensin
Overview
Benazepril, brand name Lotensin (Novartis), is a medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), congestive heart failure, and chronic renal failure. Upon cleavage of its ester group by the liver, benazepril is converted into its active form benazeprilat, a non-sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.
Category
Antihypertensive Agents, ACE Inhibitors
FDA Package Insert
LOTENSIN (benazepril hydrochloride) tablet
Indications and Usage
| Dosage and Administration
| Contraindications
| Warnings and Precautions
| Adverse Reactions
| Drug Interactions
| Overdosage
| Description
| Clinical Pharmacology
| Clinical Studies
| How Supplied/Storage and Handling
| Patient Counseling Information
| Labels and Packages
References
