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| Line 229: |
Line 229: |
| * [[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]] | | * [[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]] |
| * [[Neisseria meningitidis]] | | * [[Neisseria meningitidis]] |
| * [[New haven coronavirus]] | | * [[Coronavirus|New Haven coronavirus]] |
| * [[Nocardia]] | | * [[Nocardia]] |
| * [[Paragonimiasis]] | | * [[Paragonimiasis]] |
| Line 242: |
Line 242: |
| * [[Pneumococcus]] | | * [[Pneumococcus]] |
| * [[Pneumocystis jiroveci]] | | * [[Pneumocystis jiroveci]] |
| * [[Pneumonic plague ]] | | * [[Pneumonic plague]] |
| * [[Proteus]] | | * [[Proteus]] |
| * [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] | | * [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]] |
| * [[Pseudomonas pseudomallei ]]
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| * [[Psittacosis ]]
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| * [[Psittacosis]] | | * [[Psittacosis]] |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chetan Lokhande, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Community-acquired pneumonia can be caused by viral, bacterial, and fungal organisms. Causative etiology varies with age, immune status, epidemiologic background, and comorbidity.
Causes
Common causes
Neonates
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Herpes simplex virus
- Adenovirus
- Mumps
- Enterovirus
Children
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- Legionella pneumophila
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- Metapneumovirus
- Adenovirus
- Parainfluenza
- Influenza
- Rhinovirus
Adults
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Hemophilus influenzae
- Escherichia coli
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- Legionella pneumophila
- Influenza
- Parainfluenza
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- Metapneumovirus
- Adenovirus
- Newborn infants, children, and adults are at risk for different spectrums of disease causing microorganisms.
- In addition, adults with chronic illnesses, who live in certain parts of the world, who reside in nursing homes, who have recently been treated with antibiotics, or who are alcoholics are at risk for unique infections.
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular
|
No underlying causes
|
| Chemical/Poisoning
|
No underlying cause
|
| Dental
|
No underlying causes
|
| Dermatologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Drug Side Effect
|
No underlying cause
|
| Ear Nose Throat
|
No underlying causes
|
| Endocrine
|
No underlying causes
|
| Environmental
|
No underlying cause
|
| Gastroenterologic
|
No underlying cause
|
| Genetic
|
No underlying cause
|
| Hematologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Iatrogenic
|
General anaesthesia
|
| Infectious Disease
|
Acinetobacter baumann, Acinetobacter spp, Actinomycosis, Adenovirus serotypes (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 35, Adenovirus, Aids-related opportunistic infections, Aspergillosis , Aspiration, Bacillus anthracis, Bird flu (avian influenza) , BlastomycosisBurkholderia cepacia, Burkholderia pseudomallei , C. pneumoniae, Chicken pox, Chlamydia pneumoniae , Chlamydophila pneumoniae,Coccidioides immitis, Coronaviruses, Cryptococcus neoformans, Cytomegalovirus, Cytomegalovirus, E.coli, Enterovirus 71 ,Enterovirus, Francisella tularenis infection, Gram-negative bacilli, Group b streptococcal infections , H. influenzae, H1n1 flu , Haemophilus influenzae, Hantavirus , Herpes simplex virus, Histoplasma capsulatum, Histoplasmosis, Human bocavirus,Human parechovirus types 1, 2, and 3, Influenza, K.pneumonia, Klebsiella sp, Legionella pneumophila, [Legionella species]], Legionnaires' disease, Listeria monocytogenes, M. pneumoniae, Measles, Melioidosis, Metapneumovirus, Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirusMoraxella catarrhalis, Mumps, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, Mycobacterium haemophilum , Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, New haven coronavirus, Nocardia, Paragonimiasis , Parainfluenza , Parainfluenza virus type 1 , Parainfluenza virus type 2, Parainfluenza virus type 3 , Parainfluenza virus type 4 .., Parainfluenza, Pittsburgh pneumonia, Pneumococcal pneumonia , Pneumococcus, Pneumocystis jiroveci, Pneumonic plague , Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas pseudomallei , Psittacosis , Psittacosis, Q fever , Q fever, Rat-bite fever, Respiratory syncytial virus, Respiratory viruses, Rhinovirus,Rhodococcus equi, S. pneumoniae, Sars ., Sars, Serratia , Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Sporotrichosis Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus group a, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Swine flu, Toxocariasis ,Toxoplasma gondii, Trichosporon , Trypanosomiasis , Type a influenza , Type a influenza subtype h1 , Type a influenza subtype h10n71,Type a influenza subtype h1n1, Type a influenza subtype h1n2 1, Type a influenza subtype h2n2 , Type a influenza subtype h3n2, Type a influenza subtype h5 , Type a influenza subtype h5n1 , Type a influenza subtype h7 , Type a influenza subtype h7n2 , Type a influenza subtype h7n3 ,Type a influenza subtype h7n7 , Type a influenza subtype h9 , Type a influenza subtype h9n2, Type b influenza , Type c influenza ,Typhus, Varicella-zoster virus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pestis, Zygomycosis,
|
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Neurologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Nutritional/Metabolic
|
No underlying cause
|
| Obstetric/Gynecologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Oncologic
|
No underlying cause
|
| Ophthalmologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Overdose/Toxicity
|
No underlying cause
|
| Psychiatric
|
No underlying causes
|
| Pulmonary
|
No underlying causes
|
| Renal/Electrolyte
|
No underlying causes
|
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy
|
No underlying cause
|
| Sexual
|
No underlying causes
|
| Trauma
|
No underlying causes
|
| Urologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Miscellaneous
|
No underlying cause
|
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Acinetobacter baumannii
- Acinetobacter
- Actinomycosis
- Adenovirus (serotype 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 21, 35)
- AIDS-related opportunistic infections
- Aspergillosis
- Aspiration
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bird flu (avian influenza)
- Blastomycosis
- Burkholderia cepacia
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- Chickenpox
- Coccidioides immitis
- Coronavirus
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Cytomegalovirus
- Escherichia coli
- Enterovirus
- Francisella tularensis
- Gram-negative bacilli
- Haemophilus influenzae
- H1N1 flu
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Hantavirus
- Herpes simplex virus
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Histoplasmosis
- Human bocavirus
- Human parechovirus types 1, 2, and 3
- Influenza
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
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References