Community acquired pneumonia resident survival guide: Difference between revisions

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===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
=====Adults=====
 


* Typical Bacteria
* Typical Bacteria
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# ''[[Metapneumovirus]]''
# ''[[Metapneumovirus]]''
# ''[[Adenovirus]]''
# ''[[Adenovirus]]''
{| style="border: 2px solid #696969;" align="center"
|+ <SMALL>''Common Etiologies of Community-Acquired Pneumonia''</SMALL>
| style="background: #A5B2D6; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 200px" | '''Location''' || style="background: #A5B2D6; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 450px" | '''Etiologies of Community-Acquired Pneumonia'''<ref name="pmid17278083">{{cite journal |author=Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, Dowell SF, File TM, Musher DM, Niederman MS, Torres A, Whitney CG |title=Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults |journal=[[Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America]] |volume=44 Suppl 2 |issue= |pages=S27–72 |year=2007 |month=March |pmid=17278083 |doi=10.1086/511159 |url=http://www.cid.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17278083}}</ref><ref name="Wong-2013">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Wong | first1 = KK. | last2 = Fistek | first2 = M. | last3 = Watkins | first3 = RR. | title = Community-acquired pneumonia caused by Yersinia enterocolitica in an immunocompetent patient. | journal = J Med Microbiol | volume = 62 | issue = Pt 4 | pages = 650-1 | month = Apr | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1099/jmm.0.053488-0 | PMID = 23242642 }}</ref><ref name="Oh-2013">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Oh | first1 = YJ. | last2 = Song | first2 = SH. | last3 = Baik | first3 = SH. | last4 = Lee | first4 = HH. | last5 = Han | first5 = IM. | last6 = Oh | first6 = DH. | title = A case of fulminant community-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia in Korea. | journal = Korean J Intern Med | volume = 28 | issue = 4 | pages = 486-90 | month = Jul | year = 2013 | doi = 10.3904/kjim.2013.28.4.486 | PMID = 23864808 }}</ref>
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left rowspan=5 valign=top |&nbsp;▸&nbsp;'''Outpatient''' || style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Chlamydophila pneumoniae]]'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''[[Influenza|Influenza A and B]], [[adenovirus]], [[respiratory syncytial virus]], [[parainfluenza]]'''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left rowspan=8 valign=top | ▸ '''Inpatient (non-ICU)''' || style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Chlamydophila pneumoniae]]'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Legionella]]'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''[[Aspiration|Aspiration]]'''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''[[Influenza|Influenza A and B]], [[adenovirus]], [[respiratory syncytial virus]], [[parainfluenza]]'''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left rowspan=6 valign=top | ▸ '''Inpatient (ICU)''' || style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Legionella]]'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''[[Gram-negative bacilli]]'''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''[[Acinetobacter baumannii]]'''''
|-
|}


==Management==
==Management==

Revision as of 00:39, 21 February 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chetan Lokhande, M.B.B.S [2]

Definition

A lower respiratory tract infection in a previously normal individual acquired through normal social contact rather than contracting it in a hospital.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

No life threatening causes have been noted. However, complications of pneumonia could lead to life threatening situations like pleural effusion, lung abscess, bacteremia, septicemia or a secondary infection involving other organ systems.

Common Causes

  • Typical Bacteria
  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. Haemophilus influenzae
  3. Escherichia coli
  4. Klebsiella pneumoniae
  5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Atypical Bacteria
  1. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  2. Chlamydophila pneumoniae
  3. Legionella pneumophila
  • Viruses
  1. Influenza
  2. Parainfluenza
  3. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
  4. Metapneumovirus
  5. Adenovirus
Common Etiologies of Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Location Etiologies of Community-Acquired Pneumonia[1][2][3]
 ▸ Outpatient ▸ Streptococcus pneumoniae
▸ Mycoplasma pneumoniae
▸ Haemophilus influenzae
▸ Chlamydophila pneumoniae
▸ Influenza A and B, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza
▸ Inpatient (non-ICU) ▸ Streptococcus pneumoniae
▸ Mycoplasma pneumoniae
▸ Chlamydophila pneumoniae
▸ Haemophilus influenzae
▸ Legionella
▸ Aspiration
▸ Influenza A and B, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza
▸ Yersinia enterocolitica
▸ Inpatient (ICU) ▸ Streptococcus pneumoniae
▸ Staphylococcus aureus
▸ Legionella
▸ Gram-negative bacilli
▸ Haemophilus influenzae
▸ Acinetobacter baumannii

Management

Please find below an algorithm that summarizes the approach to community acquired pneumonia.

Do's

Dont's

References

  1. ↑ Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, Dowell SF, File TM, Musher DM, Niederman MS, Torres A, Whitney CG (2007). "Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults". Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 44 Suppl 2: S27–72. doi:10.1086/511159. PMID 17278083. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ Wong, KK.; Fistek, M.; Watkins, RR. (2013). "Community-acquired pneumonia caused by Yersinia enterocolitica in an immunocompetent patient". J Med Microbiol. 62 (Pt 4): 650–1. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.053488-0. PMID 23242642. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Oh, YJ.; Song, SH.; Baik, SH.; Lee, HH.; Han, IM.; Oh, DH. (2013). "A case of fulminant community-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia in Korea". Korean J Intern Med. 28 (4): 486–90. doi:10.3904/kjim.2013.28.4.486. PMID 23864808. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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