Diltiazem hydrochloride injection warnings: Difference between revisions
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==WARNINGS== | |||
'''1. Cardiac Conduction'''. Diltiazem prolongs AV nodal conduction and refractoriness that may rarely result in[[ second-]] or [[third-degree AV block ]]or [[sinus rhythm]]. Concomitant use of diltiazem with agents known to affect cardiac conduction may result in additive effects (seePRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions). If high-degree AV block occurs in sinus rhythm, intravenous diltiazem should be discontinued and appropriate supportive measures instituted (see OVERDOSAGE). | |||
'''2. Congestive Heart Failure.''' Although diltiazem has a negative [[inotropic ]]effect in isolated animal tissue preparations, hemodynamic studies in humans with normal ventricular function and in patients with a compromised myocardium, such as severe [[CHF]], [[acute MI]], and [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], have not shown a reduction in [[cardiac index]] nor consistent negative effects on contractility (dp/dt). Administration of oral diltiazem in patients with [[acute myocardial infarction]] and [[pulmonary congestion]] documented by x-ray on admission is contraindicated. Experience with the use of diltiazem hydrochloride injection in patients with impaired ventricular function is limited. Caution should be exercised when using the drug in such patients. | |||
'''3. Hypotension.''' Decreases in blood pressure associated with diltiazem hydrochloride injection therapy may occasionally result in symptomatic [[hypotension]] (3.2%). The use of intravenous diltiazem for control of ventricular response in patients with supraventricular arrhythmias should be undertaken with caution when the patient is compromised hemodynamically. In addition, caution should be used in patients taking other drugs that decrease peripheral resistance, intravascular volume, myocardial contractility or conduction. | |||
'''4. Acute Hepatic Injury.''' In rare instances, significant elevations in enzymes such as [[alkaline phosphatase]], [[LDH]], [[SGOT]], [[SGPT]], and other phenomena consistent with acute hepatic injury have been noted following oral diltiazem. Therefore, the potential for [[acute hepatic injury]] exists following administration of intravenous diltiazem. | |||
<ref name="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov">{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE INJECTION [AKORN, INC.] | url = http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=81c5cf23-a6f8-454a-9575-d01edf49ed34 | publisher = | date = | accessdate = 5 March 2014 }}</ref> | '''5. Ventricular Premature Beats (VPBs).''' VPBs may be present on conversion of [[PSVT ]]to sinus rhythm with diltiazem hydrochloride injection. These VPBs are transient, are typically considered to be benign, and appear to have no clinical significance. Similar ventricular complexes have been noted during [[cardioversion]], other pharmacologic therapy, and during spontaneous conversion of [[PSVT ]]to sinus rhythm.<ref name="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov">{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE INJECTION [AKORN, INC.] | url = http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=81c5cf23-a6f8-454a-9575-d01edf49ed34 | publisher = | date = | accessdate = 5 March 2014 }}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 21:00, 5 March 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Abdurahman Khalil, M.D. [2]
WARNINGS
1. Cardiac Conduction. Diltiazem prolongs AV nodal conduction and refractoriness that may rarely result insecond- or third-degree AV block or sinus rhythm. Concomitant use of diltiazem with agents known to affect cardiac conduction may result in additive effects (seePRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions). If high-degree AV block occurs in sinus rhythm, intravenous diltiazem should be discontinued and appropriate supportive measures instituted (see OVERDOSAGE).
2. Congestive Heart Failure. Although diltiazem has a negative inotropic effect in isolated animal tissue preparations, hemodynamic studies in humans with normal ventricular function and in patients with a compromised myocardium, such as severe CHF, acute MI, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, have not shown a reduction in cardiac index nor consistent negative effects on contractility (dp/dt). Administration of oral diltiazem in patients with acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary congestion documented by x-ray on admission is contraindicated. Experience with the use of diltiazem hydrochloride injection in patients with impaired ventricular function is limited. Caution should be exercised when using the drug in such patients.
3. Hypotension. Decreases in blood pressure associated with diltiazem hydrochloride injection therapy may occasionally result in symptomatic hypotension (3.2%). The use of intravenous diltiazem for control of ventricular response in patients with supraventricular arrhythmias should be undertaken with caution when the patient is compromised hemodynamically. In addition, caution should be used in patients taking other drugs that decrease peripheral resistance, intravascular volume, myocardial contractility or conduction.
4. Acute Hepatic Injury. In rare instances, significant elevations in enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, LDH, SGOT, SGPT, and other phenomena consistent with acute hepatic injury have been noted following oral diltiazem. Therefore, the potential for acute hepatic injury exists following administration of intravenous diltiazem.
5. Ventricular Premature Beats (VPBs). VPBs may be present on conversion of PSVT to sinus rhythm with diltiazem hydrochloride injection. These VPBs are transient, are typically considered to be benign, and appear to have no clinical significance. Similar ventricular complexes have been noted during cardioversion, other pharmacologic therapy, and during spontaneous conversion of PSVT to sinus rhythm.[1]
References
- ↑ "DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE INJECTION [AKORN, INC.]". Retrieved 5 March 2014.