Epidural abscess epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
Joao Silva (talk | contribs) |
Joao Silva (talk | contribs) |
||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
===Spinal Epidural Abscess=== | ===Spinal Epidural Abscess=== | ||
The most common type of epidural abscess, it can occur in patients of all ages, however is more common in those with more than 50 years of age, with studies showing a male predominance of the disease. <ref name="PilkingtonJackson2003">{{cite journal|last1=Pilkington|first1=S. A.|last2=Jackson|first2=S. A.|last3=Gillett|first3=G. R.|title=Spinal epidural empyema|journal=British Journal of Neurosurgery|volume=17|issue=2|year=2003|pages=196–200|issn=0268-8697|doi=10.1080/0268869031000108990}}</ref><ref name="pmid1359381">{{cite journal| author=Darouiche RO, Hamill RJ, Greenberg SB, Weathers SW, Musher DM| title=Bacterial spinal epidural abscess. Review of 43 cases and literature survey. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 1992 | volume= 71 | issue= 6 | pages= 369-85 | pmid=1359381 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1359381 }} </ref> | The most common type of epidural abscess, it can occur in patients of all ages, however is more common in those with more than 50 years of age, with studies showing a male predominance of the disease. <ref name="PilkingtonJackson2003">{{cite journal|last1=Pilkington|first1=S. A.|last2=Jackson|first2=S. A.|last3=Gillett|first3=G. R.|title=Spinal epidural empyema|journal=British Journal of Neurosurgery|volume=17|issue=2|year=2003|pages=196–200|issn=0268-8697|doi=10.1080/0268869031000108990}}</ref><ref name="pmid1359381">{{cite journal| author=Darouiche RO, Hamill RJ, Greenberg SB, Weathers SW, Musher DM| title=Bacterial spinal epidural abscess. Review of 43 cases and literature survey. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 1992 | volume= 71 | issue= 6 | pages= 369-85 | pmid=1359381 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1359381 }} </ref> The incidence of this disease has doubled during the past two decades, to 0.2-2 cases per 10,000 hospital admissions. Possible explanations for this rise, despite therapy improvements, include: <ref name="Darouiche2006">{{cite journal|last1=Darouiche|first1=Rabih O.|title=Spinal Epidural Abscess|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=355|issue=19|year=2006|pages=2012–2020|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra055111}}</ref><ref name="pmid24340840">{{cite journal| author=Strauss I, Carmi-Oren N, Hassner A, Shapiro M, Giladi M, Lidar Z| title=Spinal epidural abscess: in search of reasons for an increased incidence. | journal=Isr Med Assoc J | year= 2013 | volume= 15 | issue= 9 | pages= 493-6 | pmid=24340840 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24340840 }} </ref> | ||
*Increased sensitivity and accuracy of the diagnostic methods, with the use of contrast enhanced MRI; | |||
*Aging of the population; | |||
*Increased number of neurosurgical and other spinal invasive procedures for anaesthesia and pain management; | |||
*Increased IV drug users. | |||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
Revision as of 15:58, 19 March 2014
|
Epidural abscess Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Epidural abscess epidemiology and demographics On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Epidural abscess epidemiology and demographics |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Epidural abscess epidemiology and demographics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Epidural abscess is a rare...
Epidemiology
According to the location of the abscess, the incidence of the condition will be different:
Intracranial Epidural Abscess
The most rare type of epidural abscess, it accounts for only 1 in 10 cases of the disease. Despite this fact, it is the 3rd most common focal intracranial infection, following brain abscess and subdural empyema. Before the arrival of antibiotics, the most common cause were sinusitis, otitis and mastoiditis. Today it happens most often following neurosurgical procedures and in IV drug users. The cases not related to iatrogenesis, occur more commonly in adolescent males, since they are more prone to sinusitis and its complications. This incidence is due to the increase of vascularity of the diploic system and development of frontal sinus between the 7th and 20th year of age, which contributes to the spread of the infection, since the sinus mucosa communicates with the marrow spaces of the frontal bone, as well as with the veins of the dura mater. [1] According to a study of Gallagher et al 15 out of 176 patients with sinusitis, developed some kind of intracranial suppuration as a complication. Of these, 23% developed epidural abscess. [2]
Spinal Epidural Abscess
The most common type of epidural abscess, it can occur in patients of all ages, however is more common in those with more than 50 years of age, with studies showing a male predominance of the disease. [3][4] The incidence of this disease has doubled during the past two decades, to 0.2-2 cases per 10,000 hospital admissions. Possible explanations for this rise, despite therapy improvements, include: [5][6]
- Increased sensitivity and accuracy of the diagnostic methods, with the use of contrast enhanced MRI;
- Aging of the population;
- Increased number of neurosurgical and other spinal invasive procedures for anaesthesia and pain management;
- Increased IV drug users.
Demographics
References
- ↑ Fountas KN, Duwayri Y, Kapsalaki E, Dimopoulos VG, Johnston KW, Peppard SB; et al. (2004). "Epidural intracranial abscess as a complication of frontal sinusitis: case report and review of the literature". South Med J. 97 (3): 279–82, quiz 283. PMID 15043336.
- ↑ Gallagher RM, Gross CW, Phillips CD (1998). "Suppurative intracranial complications of sinusitis". Laryngoscope. 108 (11 Pt 1): 1635–42. PMID 9818818.
- ↑ Pilkington, S. A.; Jackson, S. A.; Gillett, G. R. (2003). "Spinal epidural empyema". British Journal of Neurosurgery. 17 (2): 196–200. doi:10.1080/0268869031000108990. ISSN 0268-8697.
- ↑ Darouiche RO, Hamill RJ, Greenberg SB, Weathers SW, Musher DM (1992). "Bacterial spinal epidural abscess. Review of 43 cases and literature survey". Medicine (Baltimore). 71 (6): 369–85. PMID 1359381.
- ↑ Darouiche, Rabih O. (2006). "Spinal Epidural Abscess". New England Journal of Medicine. 355 (19): 2012–2020. doi:10.1056/NEJMra055111. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Strauss I, Carmi-Oren N, Hassner A, Shapiro M, Giladi M, Lidar Z (2013). "Spinal epidural abscess: in search of reasons for an increased incidence". Isr Med Assoc J. 15 (9): 493–6. PMID 24340840.