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| ===Common Causes=== | | ===Common Causes=== |
| Although some causing organisms might be responsible for either type of epidural abscesses, others are more common of one of those. Therefore, it is important to specify the more common causes of each epidural abscess, in order for the physician to start proper therapy as daly as possible. | | Although some causing organisms might be responsible for either type of epidural abscess, others are more common of one of those. Therefore, it is important to specify the more common causes of each epidural abscess, in order for the physician to start proper therapy as daly as possible. |
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| ====Intracranial Epidural Abscess==== | | ====Intracranial Epidural Abscess==== |
Revision as of 18:47, 20 March 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
An epidural abscess is a rare suppurative infection of the central nervous system, a collection of pus localised in the epidural space lying outside the dura mater. It may occur in two different places: intracranially or in the spinal canal. According to the region of infection, some causing organisms will be shared by both types of abscess, however, others will be different, mainly because of the risk factors involved in that particular area and the mechanisms of infection.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Subdural empyema is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes. Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
Although some causing organisms might be responsible for either type of epidural abscess, others are more common of one of those. Therefore, it is important to specify the more common causes of each epidural abscess, in order for the physician to start proper therapy as daly as possible.
Intracranial Epidural Abscess
Spinal Epidural Abscess
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular
|
No underlying causes
|
| Chemical/Poisoning
|
No underlying causes
|
| Dental
|
No underlying causes
|
| Dermatologic
|
Coagulase-negative staphylococci, MRSA, Propionibacterium, Sporothrix, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis
|
| Drug Side Effect
|
No underlying causes
|
| Ear Nose Throat
|
Mastoiditis, Otitis, Peptostreptococcus species, Sinusitis
|
| Endocrine
|
No underlying causes
|
| Environmental
|
Expanded polytetrafluethylene
|
| Gastroenterologic
|
Aerobic gram-negative bacilli, Dracunculus, Echinococcus, Escherichia coli
|
| Genetic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Hematologic
|
Bloodstream infections
|
| Iatrogenic
|
Anesthetic procedures, Back surgery, Craniotomy, Epidural analgesia, Epidural catheter, Neurosurgery, Recent neurosurgery, Scalp venous catheter, Spinal surgery
|
| Infectious Disease
|
Aerobic gram-negative bacilli, Anaerobes, Anaerobic streptococci, Bloodstream infections, Bone infections, Candida, Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Dracunculus, Echinococcus, Escherichia coli, Fungi, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-negative rods, Gram-positive bacilli, Mastoiditis, Microaerophilic organisms, MRSA, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Osteomyelitis of the skull, Osteomyelitis, Otitis, Parasites, Peptostreptococcus species, Propionibacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pyogenic infectious discitis, Sinusitis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococci
|
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic
|
Bone infections, Osteomyelitis of the skull, Osteomyelitis, Pyogenic infectious discitis
|
| Neurologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Nutritional/Metabolic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Obstetric/Gynecologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Oncologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Ophthalmologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Overdose/Toxicity
|
No underlying causes
|
| Psychiatric
|
No underlying causes
|
| Pulmonary
|
Aspergillus species, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
| Renal/Electrolyte
|
No underlying causes
|
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy
|
No underlying causes
|
| Sexual
|
Candida
|
| Trauma
|
Head injury, Sporothrix, Trauma
|
| Urologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Miscellaneous
|
Aerobic gram-negative bacilli, Anaerobes, Anaerobic streptococci, Aspergillus species, Bloodstream infections, Candida, Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Dracunculus, Echinococcus, Escherichia coli, Fungi, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-negative rods, Gram-positive bacilli, Microaerophilic organisms, MRSA, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Osteomyelitis of the skull, Osteomyelitis, Parasites, Peptostreptococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pyogenic infectious discitis, Sporothrix, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococci
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Causes in Alphabetical Order
References