Kcentra: Difference between revisions
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|useInNursing=It is not known whether Kcentra is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, use Kcentra only if clearly needed when treating a nursing woman. | |useInNursing=It is not known whether Kcentra is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, use Kcentra only if clearly needed when treating a nursing woman. | ||
|useInPed=The safety and efficacy of Kcentra in the pediatric population has not been studied. | |useInPed=The safety and efficacy of Kcentra in the pediatric population has not been studied. | ||
|useInGeri=Of the total number of subjects (431) with acute major bleeding or with the need for an urgent surgery/invasive procedure treated to reverse [[VKA]] [[anticoagulation]] in three clinical studies, 66% were 65 years old or greater and 39% were 75 years old or greater. There were no clinically significant differences between the safety profile of Kcentra and plasma in any age group. | |useInGeri=Of the total number of subjects (431) with acute major bleeding or with the need for an urgent surgery/invasive procedure treated to reverse [[VKA]] [[anticoagulation]] in three clinical studies, 66% were 65 years old or greater and 39% were 75 years old or greater. There were no clinically significant differences between the safety profile of Kcentra and plasma in any age group. | ||
|useInGender=(Description) | |useInGender=(Description) | ||
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|othersTitle=Congenital Factor Deficiencies | |othersTitle=Congenital Factor Deficiencies | ||
|useInOthers=Kcentra has not been studied in patients with congenital factor deficiencies. | |useInOthers=Kcentra has not been studied in patients with congenital factor deficiencies. | ||
|administration='''For intravenous use only.''' | |administration='''For intravenous use only.''' | ||
=====Dosage===== | =====Dosage===== | ||
* Measurement of INR prior to treatment and close to the time of dosing is important because [[coagulation factors]] may be unstable in patients with acute major bleeding or an urgent need for surgery and other invasive procedures. | * Measurement of [[INR]]prior to treatment and close to the time of dosing is important because [[coagulation factors]] may be unstable in patients with acute major bleeding or an urgent need for surgery and other invasive procedures. | ||
* Individualize Kcentra dosing based on the patient's current pre-dose [[International Normalized Ratio]] [[(INR]]) value, and body weight (see Table 1). | * Individualize Kcentra dosing based on the patient's current pre-dose [[International Normalized Ratio]] [[(INR]]) value, and body weight (see Table 1). | ||
* The actual potency per vial of Factors II, VII, IX and X, Proteins C and S is stated on the carton. | * The actual potency per vial of Factors II, VII, IX and X, Proteins C and S is stated on the carton. | ||
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* Dose ranging within pre-treatment [INR]] groups has not been studied in randomized clinical trials of Kcentra. | * Dose ranging within pre-treatment [INR]] groups has not been studied in randomized clinical trials of Kcentra. | ||
[[File:Kentra_administration_01.jpg|thumb|none|400px]] | |||
Monitor [[INR]]and clinical response during and after treatment. In clinical trials, Kcentra decreased the [[INR]]to ≤ 1.3 within 30 minutes in most subjects. The relationship between this or other [[INR]]values and clinical hemostasis in patients has not been established [see Clinical Studies (14)]. | |||
=====Preparation and Reconstitution===== | |||
* Reconstitute using aseptic technique with 20 mL (500 U kit) or 40 mL (1000 U kit) of diluent provided with the kit. | |||
* Visually inspect parenteral drug products for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. Reconstituted Kcentra solution should be colorless, clear to slightly opalescent, and free from visible particles. Do not use solutions that are cloudy or have deposits. | |||
* Kcentra is for single use only. Contains no preservatives. Discard partially used vials. | |||
The procedures provided in Table 2 are general guidelines for the preparation and reconstitution of Kcentra. | |||
Reconstitute at room temperature as follows: | |||
[[File:Kentra_administration_02.jpg|thumb|none|400px]] | |||
===== | =====Administration===== | ||
( | * Do not mix Kcentra with other medicinal products; administer through a separate infusion line. | ||
* Use aseptic technique when administering Kcentra. | |||
* Administer at room temperature. | |||
* Administer by intravenous infusion at a rate of 0.12 mL/kg/min (~3 units/kg/min), up to a maximum rate of 8.4 mL/min (~210 units/min). | |||
* No blood should enter the syringe, as there is a possibility of fibrin clot formation. | |||
= | |monitoring=* Monitor INR and clinical response during and after treatment | ||
* Because of the risk of thromboembolism associated with reversal of VKA, closely monitor patients for signs and symptoms of thromboembolism during and after administration of Kcentra. | |||
|IVCompat====Solution=== | |IVCompat====Solution=== | ||
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(Description) | (Description) | ||
|drugBox={{Drugbox2 | |drugBox={{Drugbox2 | ||
| | | type = combo | ||
| | | component1 = Factor II | ||
| | | class1 = Blood [[clotting factor]] | ||
| | | component2 = Factor VII | ||
| class2 = Blood clotting factor | |||
| component3 = Factor IX | |||
| class3 = Blood clotting factor | |||
| component4 = Factor X | |||
| class4 = Blood clotting factor | |||
<!--Clinical data--> | <!-- Clinical data --> | ||
| tradename = | | tradename = Beriplex, Ocplex, Kcentra, Cofact | ||
| | | Drugs.com = {{Drugs.com|parent|kcentra}} | ||
| | | MedlinePlus = | ||
| pregnancy_AU = | | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | ||
| pregnancy_US = | | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X --> | ||
| legal_status = | | pregnancy_category= | ||
| routes_of_administration = | | legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled--> | ||
| legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> | |||
| legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM --> | |||
| legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V --> | |||
| legal_status = Rx-only | |||
| routes_of_administration = Injection | |||
<!--Pharmacokinetic data--> | <!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> | ||
| metabolism = | |||
| metabolism = | |||
| elimination_half-life = | | elimination_half-life = | ||
<!--Identifiers--> | <!-- Identifiers --> | ||
| | | CAS_number = 37224-63-8 | ||
| | | ATCvet = | ||
| ATC_prefix = | | ATC_prefix = B02 | ||
| ATC_suffix = | | ATC_suffix = BD01 | ||
| PubChem = | | PubChem = | ||
| | | DrugBank = | ||
| | }} | ||
|mechAction=Kcentra contains the Vitamin K-dependent coagulation Factors II (FII), VII (FVII), IX (FIX), and X (FX), together known as the [[Prothrombin Complex]], and the antithrombotic [[Protein C]] and [[Protein S]]. | |||
A dose-dependent acquired deficiency of the Vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors occurs during Vitamin K antagonist treatment. Vitamin K antagonists exert anticoagulant effects by blocking carboxylation of glutamic acid residues of the Vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors during hepatic synthesis, lowering both factor synthesis and function. The administration of Kcentra rapidly increases plasma levels of the Vitamin K-dependent coagulation Factors II, VII, IX, and X as well as the antithrombotic [[Proteins C]] and S. | |||
* Coagulation Factor II | |||
:* Factor II (prothrombin) is converted to [[thrombin]] by activated FX (FXa) in the presence of Ca2+, FV, and [[phospholipids]]. | |||
* Coagulation Factor VII | |||
:* Factor VII (proconvertin) is converted to the activated form (FVIIa) by splitting of an internal peptide link. The FVIIa-TF complex activates Factor IX and initiates the primary coagulation | |||
pathway by activating FX in the presence of [[phospholipids]] and calcium ions. | |||
| | |||
* Coagulation Factor IX | |||
:* Factor IX (antihemophilic globulin B, or Christmas factor) is activated by the FVIIa-TF complex and by FXIa. Factor IXa in the presence of FVIIIa activates FX to FXa. | |||
* Coagulation Factor X | |||
:* Factor X (Stuart-Prower factor) activation involves the cleavage of a peptide bond by the FVIIIa-Factor IXa complex or the TF-FVIIa complex. Factor Xa forms a complex with activated FV (FVa) that converts prothrombin to [[thrombin]] in the presence of phospholipids and calcium ions. | |||
* [[Protein C]] | |||
:* [[Protein C]], when activated by [[thrombin]], exerts an antithrombotic effect by inhibiting FVa and FVIIIa leading to a decrease in [[thrombin]] formation, and has indirect profibrinolytic activity by inhibiting plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. | |||
* Protein S | |||
:* [[Protein S]] exists in a free form (40%) and in a complex with C4b-binding protein (60%). [[Protein S]] (free form) functions as a cofactor for activated [[Protein C]] in the inactivation of FVa and FVIIIa, leading to antithrombotic activity. | |||
|structure=Kcentra is a purified, heat-treated, nanofiltered and lyophilized non-activated four-factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (Human) prepared from human U.S. Source Plasma (21 CFR 640.60). It contains the Vitamin K dependent Coagulation Factors II, VII, IX and X, and the antithrombotic [[Proteins C]] and S. Factor IX is the lead factor for the potency of the preparation as stated on the vial label. The excipients are human antithrombin III, [[heparin]], human [[albumin]], sodium chloride, and sodium citrate. Kcentra is sterile, pyrogen-free, and does not contain preservatives. | |||
The product contents are shown in Table 7 and listed as ranges for the blood coagulation factors. | |||
[[File:Kcentra_description_01.jpg|thumb|none|400px]] | |||
| | |||
All plasma used in the manufacture of Kcentra is obtained from US donors and is tested using serological assays for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies to HIV-1/2 and HCV. The plasma is tested with Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) for [[HCV]], [[HIV]]-1, [[HAV]], and [[HBV]], and found to be non-reactive (negative), and the plasma is also tested by NAT for human [[parvovirus]] B19 (B19V) in order to exclude donations with high titers. The limit for B19V in the fractionation pool is set not to exceed 104 units of B19V DNA per mL. Only plasma that passed virus screening is used for production. | |||
The Kcentra manufacturing process includes various steps, which contribute towards the reduction/ inactivation of viruses. Kcentra is manufactured from cryo-depleted plasma that is adsorbed via ion exchange chromatography, heat treated in aqueous solution for 10 hours at 60°C, precipitated, adsorbed to calcium phosphate, virus filtered, and lyophilized. | |||
These manufacturing steps were independently validated in a series of in-vitro experiments for their virus inactivation / reduction capacity for both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Table 8 shows the virus clearance during the manufacturing process for Kcentra, expressed as the mean log10 reduction factor. | |||
[[File:Kcentra_description_02.jpg|thumb|none|400px]] | |||
| | |||
| | |PD======[[International Normalized Ratio]] ([[INR]])===== | ||
| | |||
In the plasma-controlled RCT in acute major bleeding, the [[INR]] was determined at varying time points after the start or end of infusion, depending upon study design. The median [[INR]] was above 3.0 prior to the infusion and dropped to a median value of 1.20 by the 30 minute time point after start of Kcentra infusion. By contrast, the median value for plasma was 2.4 at 30 minutes after the start of infusion. The INR differences between Kcentra and plasma were statistically significant in randomized plasma-controlled trial in bleeding up to 12 hours after start of infusion [see Table 9]. | |||
| | The relationship between these or other INR values and clinical [[hemostasis]] in patients has not been established [see Clinical Studies (14)]. | ||
| | |||
[[File:Kcentra_pharmacology_01.jpg|thumb|none|400px]] | |||
| | |||
|nonClinToxic= | |PK=Fifteen healthy subjects received 50 units/kg of Kcentra. No subjects were receiving [[VKA]] therapy or were experiencing acute bleeding. A single intravenous Kcentra infusion produced a rapid and sustained increase in plasma concentration of Factors II, VII, IX and X as well as [[Proteins C]] and S. The PK analysis [see Table 10] shows that factor II had the longest half-life (59.7 hours) and factor VII the shortest (4.2 hours) in healthy subjects. PK parameters obtained from data derived from the study of healthy subjects may not be directly applicable to patients with [[INR]] elevation due to [[VKA]] [[anticoagulation]] therapy. | ||
[[File:Kcentra_pharmakinetic_01.jpg|thumb|none|400px]] | |||
The mean in vivo recovery (IVR) of infused factors was calculated in subjects who received Kcentra. The IVR is the increase in measurable factor levels in plasma (units/dL) that may be expected following an infusion of factors (units/kg) administered as a dose of Kcentra. The in vivo recovery ranged from 1.15 (Factor IX) to 2.81 (Protein S) [see Table 11]. | |||
[[File:Kcentra_pharmakinetic_02.jpg|thumb|none|400px]] | |||
|nonClinToxic======Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility===== | |||
Long-term studies in animals to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of Kcentra, or studies to determine the effects of Kcentra on genotoxicity or fertility have not been performed. An assessment of the carcinogenic potential of Kcentra was completed and suggests minimal carcinogenic risk from product use. | |||
|clinicalStudies======Condition 1===== | |clinicalStudies======Condition 1===== | ||
Revision as of 17:53, 23 April 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sheng Shi, M.D. [2]
Disclaimer
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Black Box Warning
WARNING: ARTERIAL AND VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
Patients being treated with Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) therapy have underlying disease states that predispose them to thromboembolic events. Potential benefits of reversing VKA should be weighed against the potential risks of thromboembolic events, especially in patients with the history of a thromboembolic event. Resumption of anticoagulation should be carefully considered as soon as the risk of thromboembolic events outweighs the risk of acute bleeding.
|
Overview
Kcentra is an Anti-coagulant that is FDA approved for the {{{indicationType}}} of acute major bleeding, need for an urgent surgery/invasive procedure. There is a Black Box Warning for this drug as shown here. Common adverse reactions include a list of adverse reactions, separated by commas..
Adult Indications and Dosage
FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)
Urgent Reversal of Acquired Coagulation Factor Deficiency
- Dosing Information
- Individualize Kcentra dosing based on the patient's current pre-dose International Normalized Ratio (INR) value, and body weight (see Administration and Monitoring).
Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)
Pediatric Indications and Dosage
FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)
There is limited information regarding Kcentra FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric) in the drug label.
Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)
Contraindications
Kcentra is contraindicated in:
- Patients with known anaphylactic or severe systemic reactions to Kcentra or any components in Kcentra including heparin, Factors II, VII, IX, X, Proteins C and S, Antithrombin III and human albumin.
- Patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
- Patients with known heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Kcentra contains heparin [see Description (11)].
Warnings
WARNING: ARTERIAL AND VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
Patients being treated with Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) therapy have underlying disease states that predispose them to thromboembolic events. Potential benefits of reversing VKA should be weighed against the potential risks of thromboembolic events, especially in patients with the history of a thromboembolic event. Resumption of anticoagulation should be carefully considered as soon as the risk of thromboembolic events outweighs the risk of acute bleeding.
|
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Hypersensitivity reactions including flushing, urticaria, tachycardia, anxiety, angioedema, wheezing, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, tachypnea, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, and bronchospasm have been observed with Kcentra. If severe allergic reaction or anaphylactic type reactions occur, immediately discontinue administration, and institute appropriate treatment.
Thromboembolic Risk/Complications
Both fatal and non-fatal arterial thromboembolic events (including acute myocardial infarction and arterial thrombosis), and venous thromboembolic events (including pulmonary embolism and venous thrombosis) and disseminated intravascular coagulation have been reported with Kcentra in clinical trials and post marketing surveillance [see Adverse Reactions (6) and Clinical Studies (14)]. Patients being treated with VKA therapy have underlying disease states that predispose them to thromboembolic events. Reversing VKA therapy exposes patients to the thromboembolic risk of their underlying disease. Resumption of anticoagulation should be carefully considered following administration of Kcentra and Vitamin K once the risk of thromboembolic events outweighs the risk of bleeding. Thromboembolic events occurred more frequently following Kcentra compared to plasma in a randomized, plasma controlled trial in subjects requiring urgent reversal of VKA anticoagulation due to acute major bleeding, and the excess in thromboembolic events was more pronounced among subjects who had a history of prior thromboembolic event, although these differences were not statistically significant [see Adverse Reactions (6.1), Clinical Studies (14)]. Potential benefits of treatment with Kcentra should be weighed against the potential risks of thromboembolic events [see Adverse Reactions (6)]. Patients with a history of thrombotic events, myocardial infarction, cerebral vascular accident, transient ischemic attack, unstable angina pectoris, severe peripheral vascular disease, or disseminated intravascular coagulation, within the previous 3 months were excluded from participating in the plasma-controlled RCT. Kcentra may not be suitable in patients with thromboembolic events in the prior 3 months. Because of the risk of thromboembolism associated with reversal of VKA, closely monitor patients for signs and symptoms of thromboembolism during and after administration of Kcentra. [see 17 Patient Counseling Information]
Transmissible Infectious Agents
Because Kcentra is made from human blood, it may carry a risk of transmitting infectious agents, e.g., viruses, the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) agent, and, theoretically, the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent. There is also the possibility that unknown infectious agents may be present in such products. Despite the use of two dedicated virus reduction steps in manufacturing to reduce risks, such products may still potentially transmit disease. Reports of suspected virus transmission of hepatitis A, B, C, and HIV were generally confounded by concomitant administration of blood/blood components and/or other plasma-derived products. No causal relationship to Kcentra administration was established for any of these reports since introduction of a virus filtration step in 1996. All infections thought by a physician to have been possibly transmitted by Kcentra should be reported by the physician or other healthcare provider to the CSL Behring Pharmacovigilance Department at 1-866-915-6958 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Adverse Reactions
Clinical Trials Experience
The most common adverse reactions (ARs) (frequency ≥ 2.8%) observed in subjects receiving Kcentra were headache, nausea/vomiting, hypotension, and anemia. The most serious ARs were thromboembolic events including stroke, pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis. The following serious adverse reactions are described below and/or elsewhere in the labeling:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
- Arterial and venous thromboembolic complications [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
- Possible transmission of infectious agents [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
Randomized, Plasma-Controlled Trial in Acute Major Bleeding
In a prospective, randomized, open-label, active-controlled multicenter non-inferiority trial, 212 subjects who required urgent reversal of VKA therapy due to acute major bleeding were enrolled and randomized to treatment; 103 were treated with Kcentra and 109 with plasma. Subjects with a history of a thrombotic event, myocardial infarction, cerebral vascular accident, transient ischemic attack, unstable angina pectoris, severe peripheral vascular disease, or disseminated intravascular coagulation, within the previous 3 months were excluded from participating. Subjects ranged in age from 26 years to 96 years.
Randomized, Plasma-Controlled Trial in Urgent Surgery/Invasive Procedures
In a prospective, randomized, open-label, active-controlled, multicenter non-inferiority trial, 176 subjects who required urgent reversal of VKA therapy due to the need for an urgent surgical or urgent invasive procedure were enrolled; 88 were treated with Kcentra and 88 with plasma. Subjects ranged in age from 27 years to 94 years. Adverse reactions are summarized for Kcentra and plasma in the Acute Major Bleeding and Urgent Surgery/Invasive Procedures RCTs (see Table 3). Adverse Reactions are defined as adverse events that began during or within 72 hours of test product infusion plus adverse events considered possibly/probably related or related to study treatment according to the investigator, sponsor, or the blinded safety adjudication board (SAB), and with at least a 1.3‐fold difference between treatments.
Serious adverse reactions in subjects receiving Kcentra in both RCTs included ischemic cerebrovascular accident (stroke), DVT, thrombosis, and venous insufficiency. Serious adverse reactions in both RCTs for plasma included myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, fluid overload, embolic cerebral infarction, pulmonary edema, respiratory failure, and DVT. There were a total of 10 subjects (9.7%) who died in the Kcentra group (1 additional death occurred on day 46 just after completion of the study reporting period) and 5 (4.6%) who died in the plasma group in the plasma-controlled RCT in acute major bleeding. The 95% confidence interval for the Kcentra minus plasma between-group difference in deaths ranged from -2.7% to 13.5%. From the plasma-controlled RCT in urgent surgery/invasive procedures, there were a total of 3 subjects (3.4%) who died in the Kcentra group (1 additional death occurred on day 48 after completion of the study reporting period) and 8 (9.1%) who died in the Plasma group. The 95% confidence interval for the Kcentra minus plasma between-group difference in deaths in this trial ranged from -14.6% to 2.7%. One death in the Kcentra group in the RCT in Acute Major Bleeding and one death in the plasma group in the RCT in urgent surgery/invasive procedures were considered possibly related to study treatment according to an assessment of masked data by an independent safety adjudication board. No factors common to all deaths were identified, except for the frequent findings of a high comorbidity burden, advanced age, and death after being placed on comfort care. Although, a greater proportion of subjects in the RCT in acute major bleeding than in the RCT in surgery/invasive procedure received the highest two recommended doses of Kcentra because more subjects in the trial in acute major bleeding had a baseline INR in the ranges of 4–6 and > 6.0, an analysis of deaths and factor levels in subjects with major bleeding revealed that subjects who died had similar median factor levels to subjects that did not die. Additionally, outliers with supraphysiologic factor levels did not have a mortality rate out of proportion to the overall population.
Fluid Overload
There were 9 subjects (4.7%, all non-related by investigator assessment) in the Kcentra group who experienced fluid overload in the plasma-controlled RCTs in acute major bleeding and urgent surgery/invasive procedures and 25 (12.7%, 13 events related by investigator assessment) who had fluid overload in the plasma group. The 95% confidence interval for the Kcentra minus Plasma between-group difference in fluid overload event incidence ranged from -14.1% to -2.0%. Subgroup analyses of the RCTs in acute major bleeding and urgent surgery/invasive procedures according to whether subjects with fluid overload events had a prior history of congestive heart failure are presented in Table 4.
Thromboembolic Events400px]]
In RCTs, there were 13 subjects (6.8%) in the Kcentra group who experienced possible thromboembolic events (TEEs) and 14 (7.1%) who had TEEs in the plasma group. The incidence of thromboembolic (TE) adverse reactions assessed as at least possibly related to study treatment by the Investigator or, in the case of serious thromboembolic events, the blinded safety adjudication board (SAB) was 9 (4.7%) in the Kcentra group and 7 (3.6%) in the plasma group. When also considering the events which began during or within 72 hours of test product infusion, the incidence was 9 (4.7%) in the Kcentra group and 8 (4.1%) in the plasma group. TE events observed in the acute major bleeding and the urgent surgery/invasive procedures RCTs are shown in Table 5.
Subgroup analyses of the RCTs according to whether subjects with thromboembolic events had a prior history of a thromboembolic event are presented in Table 6.
The European Bleeding and Surgical Study: In a prospective, open label, single-arm, multicenter safety and efficacy trial, 17 subjects who required urgent reversal of VKA due to acute bleeding were enrolled and 26 subjects who required urgent reversal of Vitamin K antagonist due to the need for an urgent surgical/invasive procedure were enrolled, all were treated with Kcentra. Subjects ranged in age from 22 years to 85 years. Serious adverse reactions considered possibly related to Kcentra included a suspected pulmonary embolism which occurred in one subject following a second dose of Kcentra. A single non-fatal TE event occurred in another Kcentra-treated subject in that trial.
Postmarketing Experience
No adverse reactions other than those addressed in Warnings And Precautions (5) and Adverse Reactions (6) have been observed in the postmarketing use of Kcentra outside the US since 1996.
Drug Interactions
There is limited information regarding Kcentra Drug Interactions in the drug label.
Use in Specific Populations
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Category (FDA): C
Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Kcentra. It is also not known whether Kcentra can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Kcentra should be prescribed for a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
Pregnancy Category (AUS):
(Description)
Labor and Delivery
Kcentra has not been studied for use during labor and delivery. Safety and effectiveness in labor and delivery have not been established.
Nursing Mothers
It is not known whether Kcentra is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, use Kcentra only if clearly needed when treating a nursing woman.
Pediatric Use
The safety and efficacy of Kcentra in the pediatric population has not been studied.
Geriatic Use
Of the total number of subjects (431) with acute major bleeding or with the need for an urgent surgery/invasive procedure treated to reverse VKA anticoagulation in three clinical studies, 66% were 65 years old or greater and 39% were 75 years old or greater. There were no clinically significant differences between the safety profile of Kcentra and plasma in any age group.
Gender
(Description)
Race
(Description)
Renal Impairment
(Description)
Hepatic Impairment
(Description)
Females of Reproductive Potential and Males
(Description)
Immunocompromised Patients
(Description)
Congenital Factor Deficiencies
Kcentra has not been studied in patients with congenital factor deficiencies.
Administration and Monitoring
Administration
For intravenous use only.
Dosage
- Measurement of INRprior to treatment and close to the time of dosing is important because coagulation factors may be unstable in patients with acute major bleeding or an urgent need for surgery and other invasive procedures.
- Individualize Kcentra dosing based on the patient's current pre-dose International Normalized Ratio (INR) value, and body weight (see Table 1).
- The actual potency per vial of Factors II, VII, IX and X, Proteins C and S is stated on the carton.
- Administer Vitamin K concurrently to patients receiving Kcentra. Vitamin K is administered to maintain Vitamin K-dependent clotting factor levels once the effects of Kcentra have diminished.
- The safety and effectiveness of repeat dosing have not been established and is not recommended.
- Dose ranging within pre-treatment [INR]] groups has not been studied in randomized clinical trials of Kcentra.
Monitor INRand clinical response during and after treatment. In clinical trials, Kcentra decreased the INRto ≤ 1.3 within 30 minutes in most subjects. The relationship between this or other INRvalues and clinical hemostasis in patients has not been established [see Clinical Studies (14)].
Preparation and Reconstitution
- Reconstitute using aseptic technique with 20 mL (500 U kit) or 40 mL (1000 U kit) of diluent provided with the kit.
- Visually inspect parenteral drug products for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. Reconstituted Kcentra solution should be colorless, clear to slightly opalescent, and free from visible particles. Do not use solutions that are cloudy or have deposits.
- Kcentra is for single use only. Contains no preservatives. Discard partially used vials.
The procedures provided in Table 2 are general guidelines for the preparation and reconstitution of Kcentra. Reconstitute at room temperature as follows:
Administration
- Do not mix Kcentra with other medicinal products; administer through a separate infusion line.
- Use aseptic technique when administering Kcentra.
- Administer at room temperature.
- Administer by intravenous infusion at a rate of 0.12 mL/kg/min (~3 units/kg/min), up to a maximum rate of 8.4 mL/min (~210 units/min).
- No blood should enter the syringe, as there is a possibility of fibrin clot formation.
Monitoring
- Monitor INR and clinical response during and after treatment
- Because of the risk of thromboembolism associated with reversal of VKA, closely monitor patients for signs and symptoms of thromboembolism during and after administration of Kcentra.
IV Compatibility
Solution
Compatible
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Not Tested
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Variable
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Incompatible
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Y-Site
Compatible
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Not Tested
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Variable
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Incompatible
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Admixture
Compatible
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Not Tested
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Variable
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Incompatible
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Syringe
Compatible
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Not Tested
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Variable
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Incompatible
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
TPN/TNA
Compatible
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Not Tested
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Variable
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Incompatible
- Solution 1
- Solution 2
- Solution 3
Overdosage
Acute Overdose
Signs and Symptoms
(Description)
Management
(Description)
Chronic Overdose
Signs and Symptoms
(Description)
Management
(Description)
Pharmacology
Kcentra
| |
Combination of | |
Factor II | Blood clotting factor |
Factor VII | Blood clotting factor |
Factor IX | Blood clotting factor |
Factor X | Blood clotting factor |
Identifiers | |
CAS number | |
ATC code | B02 |
PubChem | ? |
Therapeutic considerations | |
Pregnancy cat. |
? |
Legal status |
Template:Unicode Prescription only |
Routes | Injection |
Mechanism of Action
Kcentra contains the Vitamin K-dependent coagulation Factors II (FII), VII (FVII), IX (FIX), and X (FX), together known as the Prothrombin Complex, and the antithrombotic Protein C and Protein S. A dose-dependent acquired deficiency of the Vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors occurs during Vitamin K antagonist treatment. Vitamin K antagonists exert anticoagulant effects by blocking carboxylation of glutamic acid residues of the Vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors during hepatic synthesis, lowering both factor synthesis and function. The administration of Kcentra rapidly increases plasma levels of the Vitamin K-dependent coagulation Factors II, VII, IX, and X as well as the antithrombotic Proteins C and S.
- Coagulation Factor II
- Factor II (prothrombin) is converted to thrombin by activated FX (FXa) in the presence of Ca2+, FV, and phospholipids.
- Coagulation Factor VII
- Factor VII (proconvertin) is converted to the activated form (FVIIa) by splitting of an internal peptide link. The FVIIa-TF complex activates Factor IX and initiates the primary coagulation
pathway by activating FX in the presence of phospholipids and calcium ions.
- Coagulation Factor IX
- Factor IX (antihemophilic globulin B, or Christmas factor) is activated by the FVIIa-TF complex and by FXIa. Factor IXa in the presence of FVIIIa activates FX to FXa.
- Coagulation Factor X
- Factor X (Stuart-Prower factor) activation involves the cleavage of a peptide bond by the FVIIIa-Factor IXa complex or the TF-FVIIa complex. Factor Xa forms a complex with activated FV (FVa) that converts prothrombin to thrombin in the presence of phospholipids and calcium ions.
- Protein S
Structure
Kcentra is a purified, heat-treated, nanofiltered and lyophilized non-activated four-factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (Human) prepared from human U.S. Source Plasma (21 CFR 640.60). It contains the Vitamin K dependent Coagulation Factors II, VII, IX and X, and the antithrombotic Proteins C and S. Factor IX is the lead factor for the potency of the preparation as stated on the vial label. The excipients are human antithrombin III, heparin, human albumin, sodium chloride, and sodium citrate. Kcentra is sterile, pyrogen-free, and does not contain preservatives. The product contents are shown in Table 7 and listed as ranges for the blood coagulation factors.
All plasma used in the manufacture of Kcentra is obtained from US donors and is tested using serological assays for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies to HIV-1/2 and HCV. The plasma is tested with Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) for HCV, HIV-1, HAV, and HBV, and found to be non-reactive (negative), and the plasma is also tested by NAT for human parvovirus B19 (B19V) in order to exclude donations with high titers. The limit for B19V in the fractionation pool is set not to exceed 104 units of B19V DNA per mL. Only plasma that passed virus screening is used for production. The Kcentra manufacturing process includes various steps, which contribute towards the reduction/ inactivation of viruses. Kcentra is manufactured from cryo-depleted plasma that is adsorbed via ion exchange chromatography, heat treated in aqueous solution for 10 hours at 60°C, precipitated, adsorbed to calcium phosphate, virus filtered, and lyophilized. These manufacturing steps were independently validated in a series of in-vitro experiments for their virus inactivation / reduction capacity for both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Table 8 shows the virus clearance during the manufacturing process for Kcentra, expressed as the mean log10 reduction factor.
Pharmacodynamics
International Normalized Ratio (INR)
In the plasma-controlled RCT in acute major bleeding, the INR was determined at varying time points after the start or end of infusion, depending upon study design. The median INR was above 3.0 prior to the infusion and dropped to a median value of 1.20 by the 30 minute time point after start of Kcentra infusion. By contrast, the median value for plasma was 2.4 at 30 minutes after the start of infusion. The INR differences between Kcentra and plasma were statistically significant in randomized plasma-controlled trial in bleeding up to 12 hours after start of infusion [see Table 9]. The relationship between these or other INR values and clinical hemostasis in patients has not been established [see Clinical Studies (14)].
Pharmacokinetics
Fifteen healthy subjects received 50 units/kg of Kcentra. No subjects were receiving VKA therapy or were experiencing acute bleeding. A single intravenous Kcentra infusion produced a rapid and sustained increase in plasma concentration of Factors II, VII, IX and X as well as Proteins C and S. The PK analysis [see Table 10] shows that factor II had the longest half-life (59.7 hours) and factor VII the shortest (4.2 hours) in healthy subjects. PK parameters obtained from data derived from the study of healthy subjects may not be directly applicable to patients with INR elevation due to VKA anticoagulation therapy.
The mean in vivo recovery (IVR) of infused factors was calculated in subjects who received Kcentra. The IVR is the increase in measurable factor levels in plasma (units/dL) that may be expected following an infusion of factors (units/kg) administered as a dose of Kcentra. The in vivo recovery ranged from 1.15 (Factor IX) to 2.81 (Protein S) [see Table 11].
Nonclinical Toxicology
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Long-term studies in animals to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of Kcentra, or studies to determine the effects of Kcentra on genotoxicity or fertility have not been performed. An assessment of the carcinogenic potential of Kcentra was completed and suggests minimal carcinogenic risk from product use.
Clinical Studies
Condition 1
(Description)
Condition 2
(Description)
Condition 3
(Description)
How Supplied
(Description)
Storage
There is limited information regarding Kcentra Storage in the drug label.
Images
Drug Images
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Package and Label Display Panel
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Patient Counseling Information
(Patient Counseling Information)
Precautions with Alcohol
Alcohol-Kcentra interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor regarding the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
Brand Names
There is limited information regarding Kcentra Brand Names in the drug label.
Look-Alike Drug Names
- (Paired Confused Name 1a) — (Paired Confused Name 1b)
- (Paired Confused Name 2a) — (Paired Confused Name 2b)
- (Paired Confused Name 3a) — (Paired Confused Name 3b)
Drug Shortage Status
Drug Shortage
Price
References
The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.