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A complete diagnostic approach should be carried out after a focused initial rapid evaluation is conducted and following initiation of any urgent intervention. | A complete diagnostic approach should be carried out after a focused initial rapid evaluation is conducted and following initiation of any urgent intervention. | ||
{{Family tree/start}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | | | | | | | |A01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 22em; padding:1em;"> Characterize the symptoms: | |||
❑ Most of the patients are asymptomatic (Detected incidentally) | |||
❑ Pain | |||
:❑ Abdominal pain | |||
:❑ Back pain | |||
:❑ Groin pain (scrotum) | |||
❑ Pulsating sensations in the abdomen | |||
❑[[Syncope]], [[loss of consciousness|fainting]] (suggestive of [[hemorrhage]]) | |||
❑ [[Anxiety]]<br> | |||
❑ [[Palpitation]]<br> | |||
❑ [[Sweating]]<br> | |||
❑ [[pulse|Rapid, weak pulse]]<br> | |||
❑ [[Dyspnea|Shortness of breath]]<br> | |||
❑ [[Tachypnea|Rapid breathing]]<br></div>}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | |}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | | | | | |B01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; padding:1em;"> Obtain a detailed history: | |||
❑ History to find out risk factors for development of aneurysm | |||
:❑ Hyperlipidemia | |||
:❑ Connective tissue disorder | |||
:❑ COPD | |||
:❑ Hypertension | |||
❑ History to find out risk factors for expansion of aneurysm | |||
:❑ Cardiac or renal transplant | |||
:❑ Stroke | |||
:❑ Cardiac disease | |||
❑ History to find out risk factors for rupture of aneurysm | |||
:❑ Female gender | |||
:❑ Cardiac or renal transplant | |||
:❑ Hypertension | |||
❑ Family history | |||
:❑ }} | |||
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{{familytree | | | | | | B01 | | | | B02 | | | | | | | | | | |}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | C01 | | | | C02 | | | | | | | | | | |}} | |||
{{familytree | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | |!| | | |}} | |||
{{familytree | | | D01 | | | | D02 | | | D03 | | | |}} | |||
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | |!| |}} | |||
{{familytree | | | F01 | | | | F02 | | | F03| | | |}} | |||
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.|}} | |||
{{familytree | G01 | | G02 | | | | G03 | | | | G04 | |}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}} | |||
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{{familytree/end}} | |||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== |
Revision as of 12:26, 30 April 2014
Overview
An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a localized dilatation of the abdominal aorta, that exceeds the normal diameter of the abdominal aorta by more than 50%. The normal diameter of an aorta depends on the patient's age, sex, height, weight, race, body surface area, and baseline blood pressure. On average, the normal diameter of the infrarenal aorta is 2 cm, and therefore a true AAA measures 3.0 cm or more. Aortic ectasia is a mild generalized dilatation (<50% of the normal diameter of ≤ 2.9 cm) that is due to age-related degenerative changes in the vessel walls.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the underlying cause.
Common Causes
FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation
A Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation (FIRE) should be performed to identify patients in need of immediate intervention.
Abbreviations:
Complete Diagnostic Approach
A complete diagnostic approach should be carried out after a focused initial rapid evaluation is conducted and following initiation of any urgent intervention.
Characterize the symptoms:
❑ Most of the patients are asymptomatic (Detected incidentally) ❑ Pain
❑ Pulsating sensations in the abdomen
❑Syncope, fainting (suggestive of hemorrhage)
❑ Anxiety | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Obtain a detailed history:
❑ History to find out risk factors for development of aneurysm
❑ History to find out risk factors for expansion of aneurysm
❑ History to find out risk factors for rupture of aneurysm
❑ Family history
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
{{{ B01 }}} | {{{ B02 }}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
{{{ C01 }}} | {{{ C02 }}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
{{{ D01 }}} | {{{ D02 }}} | {{{ D03 }}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
{{{ F01 }}} | {{{ F02 }}} | {{{ F03}}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
{{{ G01 }}} | {{{ G02 }}} | {{{ G03 }}} | {{{ G04 }}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of Abdominal aortic aneurysm according the the [...] guidelines.
Do's
Don'ts
- ↑ Singh, K.; Bønaa, KH.; Jacobsen, BK.; Bjørk, L.; Solberg, S. (2001). "Prevalence of and risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysms in a population-based study : The Tromsø Study". Am J Epidemiol. 154 (3): 236–44. PMID 11479188. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Santosa, F.; Schrader, S.; Nowak, T.; Luther, B.; Kröger, K.; Bufe, A. (2013). "Thoracal, abdominal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm". Int Angiol. 32 (5): 501–5. PMID 23903309. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help)