Cardiogenic shock causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Cardiogenic shock may occur in the setting of different [[cardiac]] conditions, therefore assessing its source in the [[cardiac]] [[patient]] may be challenging. To reach the right [[diagnosis]], the clinician will have to gather information from the history and clinical examination, however, since most conditions may present with overlapping [[syndromes]], timing and changes in these findings are of outermost importance.<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Hasdai | first1 = David. | title = Cardiogenic shock : diagnosis and treatmen | date = 2002 | publisher = Humana Press | location = Totowa, N.J. | isbn = 1-58829-025-5 | pages = }}</ref> | Cardiogenic shock may occur in the setting of different [[cardiac]] conditions, therefore assessing its source in the [[cardiac]] [[patient]] may be challenging. These [[cardiac]] conditions may involve different structures of the [[heart]] including: [[myocardial]] or [[pericardial]] disease, [[valvular disease]], [[acute coronary syndrome]] or different mechanical injuries to the [[heart]], described below. To reach the right [[diagnosis]], the clinician will have to gather information from the history and clinical examination, however, since most conditions may present with overlapping [[syndromes]], timing and changes in these findings are of outermost importance.<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Hasdai | first1 = David. | title = Cardiogenic shock : diagnosis and treatmen | date = 2002 | publisher = Humana Press | location = Totowa, N.J. | isbn = 1-58829-025-5 | pages = }}</ref> | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Revision as of 15:06, 30 April 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Cardiogenic shock may occur in the setting of different cardiac conditions, therefore assessing its source in the cardiac patient may be challenging. These cardiac conditions may involve different structures of the heart including: myocardial or pericardial disease, valvular disease, acute coronary syndrome or different mechanical injuries to the heart, described below. To reach the right diagnosis, the clinician will have to gather information from the history and clinical examination, however, since most conditions may present with overlapping syndromes, timing and changes in these findings are of outermost importance.[1]
Causes
The causes of cardiogenic shock can be classified on the basis of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism:
Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction
- Hypophosphatemia as can be seen in the refeeding syndrome)
- Septic shock with myocardial depression
Diastolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction
- Subendocardial ischemia
- Excess wall stress
Obstruction of Left Ventricular Outflow and Increased After Load
Reversal of Flow into the Left Ventricle
Inadequate Left Ventricular Filling due to Mechanical Causes
Inadequate Left Ventricular Filling due to Inadequate Filling Time
- Tachycardia mediated cardiomyopathy
Conduction Abnormalities
Mechanical Defect
- Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
- Ruptured chordae
- Myocardial rupture of the left ventricular free wall
Right Ventricular Failure
Iatrogenic
- Excess administration of vasodilators and venodilators
- Apical balloon syndrome
Miscellaneous
References
- ↑ Hasdai, David. (2002). Cardiogenic shock : diagnosis and treatmen. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press. ISBN 1-58829-025-5.