Cardiogenic shock risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The identification of high-risk groups for developing cardiogenic shock, particularly in [[ACS]] patients (since this is the most common cause of this type of [[shock]]), and its promoting factors is mandatory for the improvement of the [[survival rate]] of these [[patients]] by providing adequate therapeutic measures and avoiding others which might otherwise lead to [[iatrogenic]] [[shock]].<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Hasdai | first1 = David. | title = Cardiogenic shock : diagnosis and treatmen | date = 2002 | publisher = Humana Press | location = Totowa, N.J. | isbn = 1-58829-025-5 | pages = }}</ref> | The identification of high-risk groups for developing cardiogenic shock, particularly in [[ACS]] patients (since this is the most common cause of this type of [[shock]]), and its promoting factors is mandatory for the improvement of the [[survival rate]] of these [[patients]] by providing adequate therapeutic measures and avoiding others which might otherwise lead to [[iatrogenic]] [[shock]].<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Hasdai | first1 = David. | title = Cardiogenic shock : diagnosis and treatmen | date = 2002 | publisher = Humana Press | location = Totowa, N.J. | isbn = 1-58829-025-5 | pages = }}</ref> | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
According to several studies there are risk factors which are associated with the development of [[cardiogenic shock]]. These include: | According to several studies there are risk factors which are associated with the development of [[cardiogenic shock]]. These include: | ||
*Female sex<ref name="pmid8452150">{{cite journal| author=Leor J, Goldbourt U, Reicher-Reiss H, Kaplinsky E, Behar S| title=Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure on admission: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. SPRINT Study Group. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1993 | volume= 94 | issue= 3 | pages= 265-73 | pmid=8452150 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8452150 }} </ref> | |||
* Elderly (age > 65 years)<ref name="HandsRutherford1989">{{cite journal|last1=Hands|first1=Mark E.|last2=Rutherford|first2=John D.|last3=Muller|first3=James E.|last4=Davies|first4=Glenn|last5=Stone|first5=Peter H.|last6=Parker|first6=Corette|last7=Braunwald|first7=Eugene|title=The in-hospital development of cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction: Incidence, predictors of occurrence, outcome and prognostic factors|journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology|volume=14|issue=1|year=1989|pages=40–46|issn=07351097|doi=10.1016/0735-1097(89)90051-X}}</ref> | * Elderly (age > 65 years)<ref name="HandsRutherford1989">{{cite journal|last1=Hands|first1=Mark E.|last2=Rutherford|first2=John D.|last3=Muller|first3=James E.|last4=Davies|first4=Glenn|last5=Stone|first5=Peter H.|last6=Parker|first6=Corette|last7=Braunwald|first7=Eugene|title=The in-hospital development of cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction: Incidence, predictors of occurrence, outcome and prognostic factors|journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology|volume=14|issue=1|year=1989|pages=40–46|issn=07351097|doi=10.1016/0735-1097(89)90051-X}}</ref> | ||
* Prior [[myocardial infarction]] ([[MI]]) | * Prior [[myocardial infarction]] ([[MI]])<ref name="pmid8452150">{{cite journal| author=Leor J, Goldbourt U, Reicher-Reiss H, Kaplinsky E, Behar S| title=Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure on admission: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. SPRINT Study Group. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1993 | volume= 94 | issue= 3 | pages= 265-73 | pmid=8452150 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8452150 }} </ref> | ||
* [[Diabetes]] | *Prior [[angina]]<ref name="pmid8452150">{{cite journal| author=Leor J, Goldbourt U, Reicher-Reiss H, Kaplinsky E, Behar S| title=Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure on admission: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. SPRINT Study Group. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1993 | volume= 94 | issue= 3 | pages= 265-73 | pmid=8452150 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8452150 }} </ref> | ||
* [[Diabetes mellitus]]<ref name="HandsRutherford1989">{{cite journal|last1=Hands|first1=Mark E.|last2=Rutherford|first2=John D.|last3=Muller|first3=James E.|last4=Davies|first4=Glenn|last5=Stone|first5=Peter H.|last6=Parker|first6=Corette|last7=Braunwald|first7=Eugene|title=The in-hospital development of cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction: Incidence, predictors of occurrence, outcome and prognostic factors|journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology|volume=14|issue=1|year=1989|pages=40–46|issn=07351097|doi=10.1016/0735-1097(89)90051-X}}</ref> | |||
* Anterior infarction | * Anterior infarction | ||
* Left main disease | * Left main disease | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
The identification of high-risk groups for developing cardiogenic shock, particularly in ACS patients (since this is the most common cause of this type of shock), and its promoting factors is mandatory for the improvement of the survival rate of these patients by providing adequate therapeutic measures and avoiding others which might otherwise lead to iatrogenic shock.[1]
Risk Factors
According to several studies there are risk factors which are associated with the development of cardiogenic shock. These include:
- Female sex[2]
- Elderly (age > 65 years)[3]
- Prior myocardial infarction (MI)[2]
- Prior angina[2]
- Diabetes mellitus[3]
- Anterior infarction
- Left main disease
- 3 vessel disease
- Early use of beta blockers in large infarcts
- Systolic blood pressure < 120 mm Hg
- Sinus tachycardia > 110 bpm
- Heart rate < 60 bpm[4]
References
- ↑ Hasdai, David. (2002). Cardiogenic shock : diagnosis and treatmen. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press. ISBN 1-58829-025-5.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Leor J, Goldbourt U, Reicher-Reiss H, Kaplinsky E, Behar S (1993). "Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure on admission: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. SPRINT Study Group". Am J Med. 94 (3): 265–73. PMID 8452150.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hands, Mark E.; Rutherford, John D.; Muller, James E.; Davies, Glenn; Stone, Peter H.; Parker, Corette; Braunwald, Eugene (1989). "The in-hospital development of cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction: Incidence, predictors of occurrence, outcome and prognostic factors". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 14 (1): 40–46. doi:10.1016/0735-1097(89)90051-X. ISSN 0735-1097.
- ↑ Antman, EM.; Hand, M.; Armstrong, PW.; Bates, ER.; Green, LA.; Halasyamani, LK.; Hochman, JS.; Krumholz, HM.; Lamas, GA. (2008). "2007 focused update of the ACC/AHA 2004 guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines". J Am Coll Cardiol. 51 (2): 210–47. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.10.001. PMID 18191746. Unknown parameter
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