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According to several studies there are risk factors which are associated with the development of [[cardiogenic shock]]. These include:
According to several studies there are risk factors which are associated with the development of [[cardiogenic shock]]. These include:
*Female sex<ref name="pmid8452150">{{cite journal| author=Leor J, Goldbourt U, Reicher-Reiss H, Kaplinsky E, Behar S| title=Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure on admission: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. SPRINT Study Group. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1993 | volume= 94 | issue= 3 | pages= 265-73 | pmid=8452150 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8452150  }} </ref>
*Female sex<ref name="pmid8452150">{{cite journal| author=Leor J, Goldbourt U, Reicher-Reiss H, Kaplinsky E, Behar S| title=Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure on admission: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. SPRINT Study Group. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1993 | volume= 94 | issue= 3 | pages= 265-73 | pmid=8452150 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8452150  }} </ref>
* Elderly (age > 65 years)<ref name="HandsRutherford1989">{{cite journal|last1=Hands|first1=Mark E.|last2=Rutherford|first2=John D.|last3=Muller|first3=James E.|last4=Davies|first4=Glenn|last5=Stone|first5=Peter H.|last6=Parker|first6=Corette|last7=Braunwald|first7=Eugene|title=The in-hospital development of cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction: Incidence, predictors of occurrence, outcome and prognostic factors|journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology|volume=14|issue=1|year=1989|pages=40–46|issn=07351097|doi=10.1016/0735-1097(89)90051-X}}</ref>
* Older age (> 65 years)<ref name="HandsRutherford1989">{{cite journal|last1=Hands|first1=Mark E.|last2=Rutherford|first2=John D.|last3=Muller|first3=James E.|last4=Davies|first4=Glenn|last5=Stone|first5=Peter H.|last6=Parker|first6=Corette|last7=Braunwald|first7=Eugene|title=The in-hospital development of cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction: Incidence, predictors of occurrence, outcome and prognostic factors|journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology|volume=14|issue=1|year=1989|pages=40–46|issn=07351097|doi=10.1016/0735-1097(89)90051-X}}</ref>For every 10 years of age, the risk is 47% greater.<ref name="pmid10636271">{{cite journal| author=Hasdai D, Califf RM, Thompson TD, Hochman JS, Ohman EM, Pfisterer M et al.| title=Predictors of cardiogenic shock after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2000 | volume= 35 | issue= 1 | pages= 136-43 | pmid=10636271 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10636271  }} </ref>
* Prior [[myocardial infarction]] ([[MI]])<ref name="pmid8452150">{{cite journal| author=Leor J, Goldbourt U, Reicher-Reiss H, Kaplinsky E, Behar S| title=Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure on admission: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. SPRINT Study Group. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1993 | volume= 94 | issue= 3 | pages= 265-73 | pmid=8452150 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8452150  }} </ref>
* Prior [[myocardial infarction]] ([[MI]])<ref name="pmid8452150">{{cite journal| author=Leor J, Goldbourt U, Reicher-Reiss H, Kaplinsky E, Behar S| title=Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure on admission: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. SPRINT Study Group. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1993 | volume= 94 | issue= 3 | pages= 265-73 | pmid=8452150 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8452150  }} </ref>
*Prior [[angina]]<ref name="pmid8452150">{{cite journal| author=Leor J, Goldbourt U, Reicher-Reiss H, Kaplinsky E, Behar S| title=Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure on admission: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. SPRINT Study Group. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1993 | volume= 94 | issue= 3 | pages= 265-73 | pmid=8452150 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8452150  }} </ref>
*Prior [[angina]]<ref name="pmid8452150">{{cite journal| author=Leor J, Goldbourt U, Reicher-Reiss H, Kaplinsky E, Behar S| title=Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure on admission: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. SPRINT Study Group. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1993 | volume= 94 | issue= 3 | pages= 265-73 | pmid=8452150 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8452150  }} </ref>

Revision as of 23:03, 30 April 2014

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Overview

The identification of high-risk groups for developing cardiogenic shock, particularly in ACS patients (since this is the most common cause of this type of shock), and its promoting factors is mandatory for the improvement of the survival rate of these patients by providing adequate therapeutic measures and avoiding others which might otherwise lead to iatrogenic shock.[1]

Risk Factors

According to several studies there are risk factors which are associated with the development of cardiogenic shock. These include:

References

  1. ↑ Hasdai, David. (2002). Cardiogenic shock : diagnosis and treatmen. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press. ISBN 1-58829-025-5.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Leor J, Goldbourt U, Reicher-Reiss H, Kaplinsky E, Behar S (1993). "Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure on admission: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. SPRINT Study Group". Am J Med. 94 (3): 265–73. PMID 8452150.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hands, Mark E.; Rutherford, John D.; Muller, James E.; Davies, Glenn; Stone, Peter H.; Parker, Corette; Braunwald, Eugene (1989). "The in-hospital development of cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction: Incidence, predictors of occurrence, outcome and prognostic factors". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 14 (1): 40–46. doi:10.1016/0735-1097(89)90051-X. ISSN 0735-1097.
  4. ↑ Hasdai D, Califf RM, Thompson TD, Hochman JS, Ohman EM, Pfisterer M; et al. (2000). "Predictors of cardiogenic shock after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction". J Am Coll Cardiol. 35 (1): 136–43. PMID 10636271.
  5. ↑ Antman, EM.; Hand, M.; Armstrong, PW.; Bates, ER.; Green, LA.; Halasyamani, LK.; Hochman, JS.; Krumholz, HM.; Lamas, GA. (2008). "2007 focused update of the ACC/AHA 2004 guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines". J Am Coll Cardiol. 51 (2): 210–47. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.10.001. PMID 18191746. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
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