Cardiogenic shock causes: Difference between revisions
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==Causes in Alphabetical Order== | ==Causes in Alphabetical Order== | ||
Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE *[[Acute aortic perforation]] | |||
*[[Acute aortic syndrome]] | |||
*[[Acute coronary syndrome]] | |||
*[[Acute myocardial infarction]] | |||
*[[Acute pulmonary embolism]] | |||
*[[Acute stent thrombosis]] | |||
*[[Acute valvular regurgitation]] | |||
*[[Anaphylaxis]] | |||
*[[Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors]] | |||
*[[Anterior myocardial dysfuntion]] | |||
*[[Aortic dissection]] | |||
*[[Aortic insufficiency]] | |||
*[[Aortic regurgitation]] | |||
*[[Aortic stenosis]] | |||
*[[Apical ballooning cardiomyopathy]] | |||
*[[Arrhythmias]] | |||
*[[Atrial fibrillation]] | |||
*[[Atrial flutter]] | |||
*[[Atrial myxoma]] | |||
*[[Atrioventricular block]] | |||
*[[Beta-blockers]] | |||
*[[Bezold-jarisch reflex]] | |||
*[[Calcium channel blockers]] | |||
*[[Cardiac tamponade]] | |||
*[[Chordal rupture]] | |||
*[[Coarctation of the aorta]] | |||
*[[Compression of the heart]] | |||
*[[Congenital lesions]] | |||
*[[Congestive heart failure]] | |||
*[[Constrictive pericarditis]] | |||
*[[Coronary artery bypass grafting]] | |||
*[[Coronary artery disease]] | |||
*[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]] | |||
*[[Diuretics]] | |||
*[[Endocarditis]] | |||
*[[Excess ventricular wall stress]] | |||
*[[Free wall rupture]] | |||
*[[Hemorrhagic pericardial effusion]] | |||
*[[Hypertensive crisis]] | |||
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] | |||
*[[Hypophosphatemia]] | |||
*[[Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction]] | |||
*[[Iatrogenic]] | |||
*[[Inferior myocardial infarction]] | |||
*[[Inferoposterior infarction]] | |||
*[[Interventricular septum rupture]] | |||
*[[Left ventricle failure]] | |||
*[[Left ventricular free wall rupture]] | |||
*[[Mechanical obstruction]] | |||
*[[Mitral regurgitation]] | |||
*[[Mitral stenosis]] | |||
*[[Morphine]] | |||
*[[Multivessel coronary artery disease]] | |||
*[[Myocardial disease]] | |||
*[[Myocardial infarction]] | |||
*[[Myocarditis]] | |||
*[[Myopericarditis]] | |||
*[[Nitrates]] | |||
*[[Non-st elevation myocardial infarction (nstemi)]] | |||
*[[Papillary muscle dysfunction]] | |||
*[[Papillary muscle rupture]] | |||
*[[Pericardial disease]] | |||
*[[Pericardial effusion]] | |||
*[[Pericardial tamponade]] | |||
*[[Pneumothorax]] | |||
*[[Prior valvular disease]] | |||
*[[Pulmonary embolism]] | |||
*[[Retrograde dissection of ascending aorta]] | |||
*[[Right ventricle infarction]] | |||
*[[Right ventricular failure]] | |||
*[[Rupture of chordae tendineae]] | |||
*[[Ruptured ventricular free wall aneurysm]] | |||
*[[Septic shock with myocardial depression]] | |||
*[[Severe cardiomyopathy]] | |||
*[[Severe pulmonary hypertension]] | |||
*[[Sinus bradycardia]] | |||
*[[St elevation myocardial infarction (stemi)]] | |||
*[[Stress-induced cardiomyopathy]] | |||
*[[Subendocardial ischemia]] | |||
*[[Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy]] | |||
*[[Tension pneumothorax]] | |||
*[[Three vessel coronary disease]] | |||
*[[Trauma]] | |||
*[[Unsuspected coronary dissection]] | |||
*[[Unsuspected coronary perforation]] | |||
*[[Valvular defect]] | |||
*[[Valvular disease]] | |||
*[[Vasodilators]] | |||
*[[Venodilators]] | |||
*[[Ventricular fibrillation]] | |||
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] | |||
*[[Ventricular septal rupture]] | |||
*[[Ventricular tachycardia]] | |||
==Causes of Cardiogenic Shock Classified According to Underlying Pathophysiologic Mechanism== | ==Causes of Cardiogenic Shock Classified According to Underlying Pathophysiologic Mechanism== | ||
Revision as of 20:56, 1 May 2014
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Cardiogenic shock causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Cardiogenic shock may occur in the setting of different cardiac conditions, therefore assessing its source in the cardiac patient may be challenging. These cardiac conditions may involve different structures of the heart including: myocardial or pericardial disease, valvular disease, acute coronary syndrome or different mechanical injuries to the heart, described below. Nevertheless, considering the predominance of coronary artery disease today, ACS is the most common cause of this type of shock. To reach the right diagnosis, the clinician will have to gather information from the history and clinical examination, however, since most conditions may present with overlapping syndromes, timing and changes in these findings are of outermost importance.[1] Auxiliary tools, such as echocardiography and electrocardiography, are crucial in differentiating and identifying the possible causes of cardiogenic shock.[2][3]
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Cardiogenic Shock is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes. Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE *Acute aortic perforation
- Acute aortic syndrome
- Acute coronary syndrome
- Acute myocardial infarction
- Acute pulmonary embolism
- Acute stent thrombosis
- Acute valvular regurgitation
- Anaphylaxis
- Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
- Anterior myocardial dysfuntion
- Aortic dissection
- Aortic insufficiency
- Aortic regurgitation
- Aortic stenosis
- Apical ballooning cardiomyopathy
- Arrhythmias
- Atrial fibrillation
- Atrial flutter
- Atrial myxoma
- Atrioventricular block
- Beta-blockers
- Bezold-jarisch reflex
- Calcium channel blockers
- Cardiac tamponade
- Chordal rupture
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Compression of the heart
- Congenital lesions
- Congestive heart failure
- Constrictive pericarditis
- Coronary artery bypass grafting
- Coronary artery disease
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Diuretics
- Endocarditis
- Excess ventricular wall stress
- Free wall rupture
- Hemorrhagic pericardial effusion
- Hypertensive crisis
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Hypophosphatemia
- Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
- Iatrogenic
- Inferior myocardial infarction
- Inferoposterior infarction
- Interventricular septum rupture
- Left ventricle failure
- Left ventricular free wall rupture
- Mechanical obstruction
- Mitral regurgitation
- Mitral stenosis
- Morphine
- Multivessel coronary artery disease
- Myocardial disease
- Myocardial infarction
- Myocarditis
- Myopericarditis
- Nitrates
- Non-st elevation myocardial infarction (nstemi)
- Papillary muscle dysfunction
- Papillary muscle rupture
- Pericardial disease
- Pericardial effusion
- Pericardial tamponade
- Pneumothorax
- Prior valvular disease
- Pulmonary embolism
- Retrograde dissection of ascending aorta
- Right ventricle infarction
- Right ventricular failure
- Rupture of chordae tendineae
- Ruptured ventricular free wall aneurysm
- Septic shock with myocardial depression
- Severe cardiomyopathy
- Severe pulmonary hypertension
- Sinus bradycardia
- St elevation myocardial infarction (stemi)
- Stress-induced cardiomyopathy
- Subendocardial ischemia
- Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy
- Tension pneumothorax
- Three vessel coronary disease
- Trauma
- Unsuspected coronary dissection
- Unsuspected coronary perforation
- Valvular defect
- Valvular disease
- Vasodilators
- Venodilators
- Ventricular fibrillation
- Ventricular septal defect
- Ventricular septal rupture
- Ventricular tachycardia
Causes of Cardiogenic Shock Classified According to Underlying Pathophysiologic Mechanism
Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction
- Hypophosphatemia as can be seen in the refeeding syndrome)
- Septic shock with myocardial depression
Diastolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction
- Subendocardial ischemia
- Excess wall stress
Obstruction of Left Ventricular Outflow and Increased After Load
Reversal of Flow into the Left Ventricle
- Aortic insufficiency
- Endocarditis
- Aortic dissection
- Chordal rupture, from degenerative disease or trauma[4]
Inadequate Left Ventricular Filling due to Mechanical Causes
Inadequate Left Ventricular Filling due to Inadequate Filling Time
- Tachycardia mediated cardiomyopathy
Conduction Abnormalities
Mechanical Defect
- Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
- Ruptured chordae
- Myocardial rupture of the left ventricular free wall
Right Ventricular Failure
Iatrogenic
- Excess administration of vasodilators and venodilators
- Apical balloon syndrome or Takotsubo cardiomyopathy[5]
Miscellaneous
References
- ↑ Hasdai, David. (2002). Cardiogenic shock : diagnosis and treatmen. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press. ISBN 1-58829-025-5.
- ↑ Hasdai, David. (2002). Cardiogenic shock : diagnosis and treatmen. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press. ISBN 1-58829-025-5.
- ↑ Reynolds, H. R.; Hochman, J. S. (2008). "Cardiogenic Shock: Current Concepts and Improving Outcomes". Circulation. 117 (5): 686–697. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.613596. ISSN 0009-7322.
- ↑ Hasdai, David. (2002). Cardiogenic shock : diagnosis and treatmen. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press. ISBN 1-58829-025-5.
- ↑ Gianni, M. (2006). "Apical ballooning syndrome or takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a systematic review". European Heart Journal. 27 (13): 1523–1529. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl032. ISSN 0195-668X.