Cardiogenic shock epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
In defiance of the historic numbers of cardiogenic shock | In defiance of the historic numbers of mortality from cardiogenic shock of 80% to 90%, in the modern era, this type of [[shock]] comprises a [[mortality]] risk of around 50%, in the face of the [[diagnostic]] and [[therapy|treatment]] techniques, which have greatly been developed in recent years. Depending on the demographic and clinical factors, this risk can range from 10% to 80%. The incidence of cardiogenic shock among patients with [[acute MI]] is approximately 5% to 10%.<ref>Goldberg RJ, Samad NA, Yarzebski J, et al. Temporal trends in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. Apr 15 1999;340(15):1162-8.</ref><ref>Hasdai D, Holmes DR, Topol EJ, et al. Frequency and clinical outcome of cardiogenic shock during acute myocardial infarction among patients receiving reteplase or alteplase. Results from GUSTO-III. Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries. Eur Heart J. Jan 1999;20(2):128-35.</ref> Because [[atherosclerosis]] and [[myocardial infarction]] are both more frequent among males, cardiogenic shock is more common in this gender. However, because women tend to present with [[acute myocardial infarction]] at a later age, along with the fact that they have a greater chance of having [[multivessel coronary artery disease]] when they first develop [[symptoms]], a greater proportion of women with [[acute MI]] develop cardiogenic shock.<ref>Hasdai D, Califf RM, Thompson TD, et al. Predictors of cardiogenic shock after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. Jan 2000;35(1):136-43.</ref> | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
In defiance of the historic numbers of mortality from cardiogenic shock of 80% to 90%, in the modern era, this type of shock comprises a mortality risk of around 50%, in the face of the diagnostic and treatment techniques, which have greatly been developed in recent years. Depending on the demographic and clinical factors, this risk can range from 10% to 80%. The incidence of cardiogenic shock among patients with acute MI is approximately 5% to 10%.[1][2] Because atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction are both more frequent among males, cardiogenic shock is more common in this gender. However, because women tend to present with acute myocardial infarction at a later age, along with the fact that they have a greater chance of having multivessel coronary artery disease when they first develop symptoms, a greater proportion of women with acute MI develop cardiogenic shock.[3]
Epidemiology and Demographics
With the improvement in the time for diagnosis and therapeutic measures offered for acute myocardial infarction, in which increasing rates of use of primary PCI have a major role, seen in recent years, the once very stable incidence of cardiogenic shock in this group of patients is finally declining.[4] Yet, cardiogenic shock is still an important complication in 5-8% of patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction[5][6] and 2.5% of those with non ST elevation myocardial infarction.[7] This represents around 40000 to 50000 patients every year in the United States.[8] Despite these numbers and the high incidence of left ventricular dysfunction following myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock due to right ventricle failure, with an incidence of 2.8%, has as high mortality risk as shock following left ventricle failure,[9] with both groups of patients benefiting equally from revascularization procedure, according to the SHOCK registry.[10]
References
- ↑ Goldberg RJ, Samad NA, Yarzebski J, et al. Temporal trends in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. Apr 15 1999;340(15):1162-8.
- ↑ Hasdai D, Holmes DR, Topol EJ, et al. Frequency and clinical outcome of cardiogenic shock during acute myocardial infarction among patients receiving reteplase or alteplase. Results from GUSTO-III. Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries. Eur Heart J. Jan 1999;20(2):128-35.
- ↑ Hasdai D, Califf RM, Thompson TD, et al. Predictors of cardiogenic shock after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. Jan 2000;35(1):136-43.
- ↑ Hasdai, David. (2002). Cardiogenic shock : diagnosis and treatmen. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press. ISBN 1-58829-025-5.
- ↑ Fox KA, Anderson FA, Dabbous OH, Steg PG, López-Sendón J, Van de Werf F; et al. (2007). "Intervention in acute coronary syndromes: do patients undergo intervention on the basis of their risk characteristics? The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE)". Heart. 93 (2): 177–82. doi:10.1136/hrt.2005.084830. PMC 1861403. PMID 16757543.
- ↑ Babaev A, Frederick PD, Pasta DJ, Every N, Sichrovsky T, Hochman JS; et al. (2005). "Trends in management and outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock". JAMA. 294 (4): 448–54. doi:10.1001/jama.294.4.448. PMID 16046651.
- ↑ Hasdai D, Harrington RA, Hochman JS, Califf RM, Battler A, Box JW; et al. (2000). "Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade and outcome of cardiogenic shock complicating acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST-segment elevation". J Am Coll Cardiol. 36 (3): 685–92. PMID 10987585.
- ↑ Thom T, Haase N, Rosamond W, Howard VJ, Rumsfeld J, Manolio T; et al. (2006). "Heart disease and stroke statistics--2006 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee". Circulation. 113 (6): e85–151. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.171600. PMID 16407573.
- ↑ Jacobs AK, Leopold JA, Bates E, Mendes LA, Sleeper LA, White H; et al. (2003). "Cardiogenic shock caused by right ventricular infarction: a report from the SHOCK registry". J Am Coll Cardiol. 41 (8): 1273–9. PMID 12706920.
- ↑ Hochman, Judith S; Buller, Christopher E; Sleeper, Lynn A; Boland, Jean; Dzavik, Vladimir; Sanborn, Timothy A; Godfrey, Emilie; White, Harvey D; Lim, John; LeJemtel, Thierry (2000). "Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction—etiologies, management and outcome: a report from the SHOCK Trial Registry". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 36 (3): 1063–1070. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00879-2. ISSN 0735-1097.