Epiglottitis causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 20:36, 29 May 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

The most common infectious causes of acute epiglottitis include Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, beta-hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, and Neisseria spp..

Causes

Life-Threatening Causes

Epiglottitis is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes. Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Epiglottitis}}
 {{CMG}}
 ==Overview==
+The most common infectious causes of acute epiglottitis include ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'', ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'', [[hemolysis|beta-hemolytic]] [[streptococci]], ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', ''[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]'', ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]'', ''[[Candida albicans]]'', ''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]'', ''[[Pasteurella multocida]]'', and ''[[Neisseria|Neisseria spp.]]''.
 ==Causes==
-[[Epiglottitis]] is a life-threatening [[disease]]. The [[epiglottis]] is a piece of [[cartilage]] at the back of the [[tongue]] that closes off the [[windpipe]] when [[swallowing]]. It keeps food from entering the [[airways]], so you don't [[cough]] or [[choke]] after [[swallowing]].
+===Life-Threatening Causes===
+Epiglottitis is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes.  Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
+===Common Causes===
+* ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]''
+* ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''
+* [[hemolysis|Beta-hemolytic]] [[streptococci]]
+* ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]''
+* ''[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]''
+* ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]''
+* ''[[Candida albicans]]''
+* ''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]''
+===Causes by Organ System===
+{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dermatologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Drug Side Effect'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Endocrine'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Environmental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Gastroenterologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Genetic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Hematologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Iatrogenic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Infectious Disease'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Neurologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Oncologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ophthalmologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Psychiatric'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Pulmonary'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Sexual'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Trauma'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Urologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Miscellaneous'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|}
+===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
+{{col-begin|width=80%}}
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+* [[Adult vallecular cyst]]
+* [[Aeromonas hydrophilia]]
+* [[Allergic reactions]]
+* [[Aspergillus]]
+* [[Bacteroides melaninogenicus]]
+* [[Beta-Hemolytic streptococcus]]
+* [[Blind finger sweep]]
+* [[Candida albicans]]
+* [[Caustic ingestion]]
+* [[Chloramines in pool water]]
+* [[Citrobacter diversus]]
+* [[Cytomegalovirus]]
+* [[Eikenella corrodens]]
+* [[Enterobacter cloacae]]
+* [[Epstein-Barr virus]]
-[[Epiglottitis]] is [[swelling]] of the [[epiglottis]], which leads to [[breathing]] problems. [[Swelling]] of the [[epiglottis]] is usually caused by the [[bacteria]] [[Haemophilus influenzae]] ([[H. influenzae]]), although it may be caused by other [[bacteria]] or [[viruses]] such as ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'' or ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]''. [[Upper respiratory infections]] can lead to [[epiglottitis]]. Medicines or [[diseases]] that weaken the [[immune system]] can make adults more prone to [[epiglottitis]].
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
-[[Epiglottitis]] is most common in children between 2 and 6 years old. Rarely, [[epiglottitis]] can occur in adults, and it may be easily overlooked in such patients.
+* [[Escherichia coli]]
+* [[Fusobacterium]]
+* [[Gastroesophageal reflux]]
+* [[Haemophilus influenzae]]
+* [[Haemophilus parainfluenzae]]
+* [[Hereditary angioedema]]
+* [[Herpes simplex virus]]
+* [[Hot water ingestion or inhalation]]
+* [[Kingella kingae]]
+* [[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]
+* [[Laryngeal lymphangioma]]
+* [[Laryngeal mask]]
+* [[Moraxella catarrhalis]]
+* [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
+* [[Neisseria meningitidis]]
-The occurrence of [[epiglottitis]] has decreased dramatically in the United States since the [[H. influenzae type B]] ([[Hib]]) [[Hib vaccine|vaccine]] became a routine childhood [[immunization]] in the late 1980s.
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+* [[Pasteurella multocida]]
+* [[Peptostreptococcus]]
+* [[Propionibacterium]]
+* [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]
+* [[Serratia marcescens]]
+* [[Smoking illicit drugs]]
+* [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
+* [[Stomatococcus mucilaginosus]]
+* [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
+* [[Streptococcus pyogenes]]
+* [[Streptococcus viridans]]
+* [[Streptococus milleri]]
+* [[Tonsillectomy complication]]
+* [[Varicella-zoster virus]]
+* [[Vibrio vulnificus]]
+{{col-end}}
 ==References==
-{{Reflist|2}}
+{{reflist|2}}
 [[Category:Laryngology]]
@@ Line 28: / Line 211: @@
 [[Category:Infectious disease]]
 [[Category:Emergency medicine]]
-{{WS}}
-{{WH}}