Pulmonary embolism epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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=== Age === | === Age === | ||
The prevalence of pulmonary embolism increases with age. | The prevalence of pulmonary embolism increases with age. | ||
===Recurrent DVT=== | |||
* The risk of recurrence of [[vTE]] in patients diagnosed with first-time [[VTE]] is estimated to be around 7-10 percent in the first year.<ref name="pmid15210384">{{cite journal |author=Cushman M, Tsai AW, White RH, ''et al.''|title=Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in two cohorts: the longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiology |journal=Am. J. Med.|volume=117 |issue=1 |pages=19–25 |year=2004 |month=July |pmid=15210384 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.018 |url=}}</ref> | |||
* Among patients with a first episode of VTE, the risk of recurrence of VTE is elevated, particularly in the first 6 to 12 months following the first episode of VTE. The risk of recurrent VTE remains up to 10 years, with a estimated cumulative incidence of first overall VTE recurrence of 30 %. Predictors for recurrence of [[VTE]] include [[malignancy]], neurological diseases, and [[paresis]].<ref name="pmid10737275">{{cite journal |author=Heit JA, Mohr DN, Silverstein MD, Petterson TM, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ |title=Predictors of recurrence after deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based cohort study |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=160 |issue=6 |pages=761–8 |year=2000 |month=March |pmid=10737275 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
* In recent years, the increase in [[thrombosis]] incidence may be related to improved diagnostic modalities and increased awareness by clinicians.<ref name="pmid12814979">{{cite journal |author=White RH |title=The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism |journal=Circulation |volume=107 |issue=23 Suppl 1 |pages=I4–8 |year=2003|month=June |pmid=12814979 |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000078468.11849.66 |url=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 14:13, 3 June 2014
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Editor(s)-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; The APEX Trial Investigators; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
The precise number of people affected by venous thromboembolism (VTE), that is either deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism (PE), or both, is unknown, but estimates range from 300,000 to 600,000 (1 to 2 per 1,000, and in those over 80 years of age, as high as 1 in 100) each year in the United States. Estimates suggest that 60,000-100,000 Americans die of VTE, 10 to 30% of which will die within one month of diagnosis. Sudden death is the first symptom in about one-quarter (25%) of people who have a PE. One-third (about 33%) of people with VTE will have a recurrence within 10 years. Approximately 5 to 8% of the U.S. population has one of several genetic risk factors, also known as inherited thrombophilias in which a genetic defect can be identified that increases the risk for thrombosis.[1][2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Horlander et al analyzed multiple-cause mortality files compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics from 1979 to 1998. They reported that out of 42,932,973 deaths that occurred, almost 600,000 patients (approximately 1.5 percent) had been diagnosed with PE. They also theorized that PE caused the death of 200,000 of those patients.[3]
- The incidence rate of massive, submassive and low-risk pulmonary emboli are 5%, 40% and 55% respectively.
- Only 10-20% of VTE is clinically recognized, as depicted by the figure below.
Age
The prevalence of pulmonary embolism increases with age.
Recurrent DVT
- The risk of recurrence of vTE in patients diagnosed with first-time VTE is estimated to be around 7-10 percent in the first year.[4]
- Among patients with a first episode of VTE, the risk of recurrence of VTE is elevated, particularly in the first 6 to 12 months following the first episode of VTE. The risk of recurrent VTE remains up to 10 years, with a estimated cumulative incidence of first overall VTE recurrence of 30 %. Predictors for recurrence of VTE include malignancy, neurological diseases, and paresis.[5]
- In recent years, the increase in thrombosis incidence may be related to improved diagnostic modalities and increased awareness by clinicians.[6]
References
- ↑ CDC- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) / Pulmonary Embolism (PE) — Blood Clot Forming in a Vein
- ↑ Beckman MG, Hooper WC, Critchley SE, Ortel TL (2010). "Venous thromboembolism: a public health concern". Am J Prev Med. 38 (4 Suppl): S495–501. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.12.017. PMID 20331949.
- ↑ Horlander KT, Mannino DM, Leeper KV (2003). "Pulmonary embolism mortality in the United States, 1979-1998: an analysis using multiple-cause mortality data". Arch Intern Med. 163 (14): 1711–7. doi:10.1001/archinte.163.14.1711. PMID 12885687.
- ↑ Cushman M, Tsai AW, White RH; et al. (2004). "Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in two cohorts: the longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiology". Am. J. Med. 117 (1): 19–25. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.018. PMID 15210384. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Heit JA, Mohr DN, Silverstein MD, Petterson TM, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ (2000). "Predictors of recurrence after deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based cohort study". Arch. Intern. Med. 160 (6): 761–8. PMID 10737275. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ White RH (2003). "The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism". Circulation. 107 (23 Suppl 1): I4–8. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000078468.11849.66. PMID 12814979. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)