Chikungunya pathophysiology

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Overview

Aedes mosquitoes transmit chikungunya virus to people.

• Chikungunya virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes, predominantly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.
• Humans are the primary host of chikungunya virus during epidemic periods.
• Blood-borne transmission is possible; cases have been documented among laboratory personnel handling infected blood and a health care worker drawing blood from an infected patient.
• Rare in utero transmission has been documented mostly during the second trimester.
• Intrapartum transmission has also been documented when the mother was viremic around the time of delivery.
• Studies have not found chikungunya virus in breast milk.
• The risk of a person transmitting the virus to a biting mosquito or through blood is highest when the patient is viremic during the first week of illness.