Chikungunya epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | |||
Chikungunya was first described in Tanzania, Africa in 1952. Chikungunya outbreaks have occurred in countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Indian and Pacific Oceans. | |||
In late 2013, the first local transmission of chikungunya virus in the Americas was identified in Caribbean countries and territories. Local transmission means that mosquitoes in the area have been infected with the virus and are spreading it to people. | In late 2013, the first local transmission of chikungunya virus in the Americas was identified in Caribbean countries and territories. Local transmission means that mosquitoes in the area have been infected with the virus and are spreading it to people. | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
In December 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported local transmission of chikungunya in Saint Martin. Local transmission means that mosquitoes in the area have been infected with chikungunya and are spreading it to people. This is the first time that local transmission of chikungunya has been reported in the Americas. | In December 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported local transmission of chikungunya in Saint Martin. Local transmission means that mosquitoes in the area have been infected with chikungunya and are spreading it to people. This is the first time that local transmission of chikungunya has been reported in the Americas. | ||
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Anguilla, Antigua, British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Haiti, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin (French), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sint Maarten (Dutch). | Anguilla, Antigua, British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Haiti, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin (French), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sint Maarten (Dutch). | ||
Chikungunya is generally not fatal. However, in | Chikungunya is generally not fatal. However, in 2005-2006, 200 deaths were associated with chikungunya on Réunion island and a widespread outbreak in India, primarily in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh. | ||
After flood and heavy rains in | After flood and heavy rains in Rajasthan, India in August 2006, thousands of cases were detected in Rajsamand, Bhilwara, Udaipur, and Chittorgarh districts and also in adjoining regions of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, and in the neighbouring country of Sri Lanka. In the southern Indian state of Kerala, 125 deaths were attributed to Chikungunya with the majority of the casualties reported in the district of Alapuzha, primarily in Cherthala. | ||
In December 2006, an outbreak of 3,500 confirmed cases occurred in | In December 2006, an outbreak of 3,500 confirmed cases occurred in Maldives, and over 60,000 cases in Sri Lanka, with over 80 deaths. In October 2006 more than a dozen cases of Chikungunya were reported in Pakistan. | ||
A recent outbreak of the disease during June 2007 in | A recent outbreak of the disease during June 2007 in Pathanamthitta]], Kottayam]] and Alappuzha]] districts of South Kerala, India claimed more than 50 lives. It is confirmed officially that there are 7000 confirmed Chikungunya patients in these areas. Unofficial reports suggest that more than one hundred thousand are suffering from symptoms of chikungunya. The European Network for Diagnostics of "Imported" Viral Diseases [http://www.enivd.de/index.htm] claims that new phylogenetic variants of the virus which are fatal have been identified on Réunion. [http://www.enivd.de/index.htm]. | ||
In August/September 2007 some 160 people were infected in Italy's northern | In August/September 2007 some 160 people were infected in Italy's northern Ravenna region, resulting in one fatality. | ||
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!colspan="5"|Countries and territories where chikungunya cases have been reported | ! colspan="5"|Countries and territories where chikungunya cases have been reported | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="background: #A5B2D6; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px; text-align:center"|'''Africa''' || style="background: #A5B2D6; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px; text-align:center"| '''Asia''' ||style="background: #A5B2D6; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px; text-align:center"|'''Americas'''|| style="background: #A5B2D6; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px; text-align:center"| '''Europe''' || style="background: #A5B2D6; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px; text-align:center"| '''Oceania / Pacific Islands''' | |style="background: #A5B2D6; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px; text-align:center"|'''Africa''' || style="background: #A5B2D6; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px; text-align:center"| '''Asia''' ||style="background: #A5B2D6; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px; text-align:center"|'''Americas'''|| style="background: #A5B2D6; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px; text-align:center"| '''Europe''' || style="background: #A5B2D6; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px; text-align:center"| '''Oceania / Pacific Islands''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="background: #F5F5F5; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px"| | |style="background: #F5F5F5; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px; font-size: 85%; vertical-align: top;"| | ||
* Benin | * Benin | ||
* Burundi | * Burundi | ||
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* Uganda | * Uganda | ||
* Zimbabwe | * Zimbabwe | ||
|style="background: #F5F5F5; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px"| | |style="background: #F5F5F5; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px; font-size: 85%; vertical-align: top;" | | ||
* Bangladesh | * Bangladesh | ||
* Bhutan | * Bhutan | ||
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* Vietnam | * Vietnam | ||
* Yemen | * Yemen | ||
|style="background: #F5F5F5; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px"| | |style="background: #F5F5F5; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px; font-size: 85%; vertical-align: top;"| | ||
* Anguilla | * Anguilla | ||
* Antigua and Barbuda | * Antigua and Barbuda | ||
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* Saint Lucia | * Saint Lucia | ||
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | ||
|style="background: #F5F5F5; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px"| | |style="background: #F5F5F5; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px; font-size: 85%; vertical-align: top;" | | ||
* Italy | * Italy | ||
* France | * France | ||
|style="background: #F5F5F5; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px"| | |style="background: #F5F5F5; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 170px; font-size: 85%; vertical-align: top;" | | ||
* Federal States of Micronesia | * Federal States of Micronesia | ||
* New Caledonia | * New Caledonia | ||
* Papua New Guinea | * Papua New Guinea | ||
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{| | |||
|[[File:Chikungunya cases.png|250px|right|thumb|Countries and territories where chikungunya cases have been reported (June 2, 2014)]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:CHIK Americas Larger Area Map-060414.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Countries and territories in the Americas where chikungunya cases have been reported (June 2, 2014)]] | |||
|- | |||
|[[File:CHIK Caribbean Map-060214.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Countries and territories in the Caribbean where chikungunya cases have been reported (June 2, 2014)]] | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | |||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | [[Category:Infectious disease]] | ||
[[Category:Togaviruses]] | [[Category:Togaviruses]] | ||
[[Category:Tropical disease]] | [[Category:Tropical disease]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Viral diseases]] | ||
Revision as of 12:56, 6 June 2014
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Chikungunya epidemiology and demographics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Chikungunya was first described in Tanzania, Africa in 1952. Chikungunya outbreaks have occurred in countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
In late 2013, the first local transmission of chikungunya virus in the Americas was identified in Caribbean countries and territories. Local transmission means that mosquitoes in the area have been infected with the virus and are spreading it to people.
Epidemiology and Demographics
In December 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported local transmission of chikungunya in Saint Martin. Local transmission means that mosquitoes in the area have been infected with chikungunya and are spreading it to people. This is the first time that local transmission of chikungunya has been reported in the Americas.
Local transmission of chikungunya is now being reported in other countries in the Caribbean. As of June 4, 2014, the following Caribbean countries have reported cases of chikungunya: Anguilla, Antigua, British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Haiti, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin (French), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sint Maarten (Dutch).
Chikungunya is generally not fatal. However, in 2005-2006, 200 deaths were associated with chikungunya on Réunion island and a widespread outbreak in India, primarily in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh.
After flood and heavy rains in Rajasthan, India in August 2006, thousands of cases were detected in Rajsamand, Bhilwara, Udaipur, and Chittorgarh districts and also in adjoining regions of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, and in the neighbouring country of Sri Lanka. In the southern Indian state of Kerala, 125 deaths were attributed to Chikungunya with the majority of the casualties reported in the district of Alapuzha, primarily in Cherthala.
In December 2006, an outbreak of 3,500 confirmed cases occurred in Maldives, and over 60,000 cases in Sri Lanka, with over 80 deaths. In October 2006 more than a dozen cases of Chikungunya were reported in Pakistan.
A recent outbreak of the disease during June 2007 in Pathanamthitta]], Kottayam]] and Alappuzha]] districts of South Kerala, India claimed more than 50 lives. It is confirmed officially that there are 7000 confirmed Chikungunya patients in these areas. Unofficial reports suggest that more than one hundred thousand are suffering from symptoms of chikungunya. The European Network for Diagnostics of "Imported" Viral Diseases [2] claims that new phylogenetic variants of the virus which are fatal have been identified on Réunion. [3].
In August/September 2007 some 160 people were infected in Italy's northern Ravenna region, resulting in one fatality.
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