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| {{drugbox
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| | IUPAC_name = 4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-3H-imidazole
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| | image = Dexmedetomidine.svg
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| | CAS_number = 113775-47-6
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| | ATC_prefix = N05
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| | ATC_suffix = CM18
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| | ATC_supplemental =
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| | PubChem = 68602
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| | DrugBank = APRD00578
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| | C=13 | H=16 | N=2
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| | molecular_weight = 200.28 g/mol
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| | bioavailability =
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| | protein_bound = 94%
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| | metabolism =
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| | elimination_half-life = 2 hours
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| | excretion =
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| | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
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| | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->
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| | pregnancy_category =
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| | legal_AU = <!-- Unscheduled / S2 / S4 / S8 -->
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| | legal_UK = <!-- GSL / P / POM / CD -->
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| | legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only -->
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| | legal_status =
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| | routes_of_administration =
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| }}
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| '''Dexmedetomidine''' is a [[sedative]] medication used by intensive care units and anesthesiologists. It is relatively unique in its ability to provide sedation without causing [[respiratory depression]]. Like [[clonidine]], its mechanism of action is agonism of alpha-2 receptors in certain parts of the brain.<ref>Cormack JR, Orme RM, Costello TG. The role of alpha2-agonists in neurosurgery. ''Journal of Clinical Neuroscience''. 2005 May;12(4):375-8.</ref>
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| Dexmedetomidine has sedative, analgesic, sympatholytic, and anxiolytic effects that blunt many of the cardiovascular responses in the perioperative period. It reduces the volatile anesthetic, sedative and analgesic requirements of the patient without causing significant respiratory depression.<ref>Paris A, Tonner PH. Dexmedetomidine in anaesthesia. ''Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology''. 2005 Aug;18(4):412-8.</ref>
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| Recent research has suggested dexmedetomidine to be an effective treatment for the dangerous cardiovascular symptoms of [[cocaine]] intoxication and [[overdose]].<ref name="cocaine">Menon DV, Wang Z, Fadel PJ, Arbique D, Leonard D, Li JL, Victor RG, Vongpatanasin W. "Central sympatholysis as a novel countermeasure for cocaine-induced sympathetic activation and vasoconstriction in humans". J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50(7): 626-33. PMID 17692748</ref> It also seemed to be superior to lorazepam for [[mechanical ventilation|ventilated]] patients in the [[intensive care unit]].<ref name="ICI">Pandharipande PP, Pun BT, Herr DL, ''et.al''. "Effect of sedation with dexmedetomidine vs lorazepam on acute brain dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients: the MENDS randomized controlled trial." JAMA 2007; 298(22): 2644-53. PMID 18073360</ref>
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| {{pharma-stub}}
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| {{Hypnotics and sedatives}}
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| [[Category:Imidazoles]]
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