Minoxidil (oral): Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
{{DrugProjectFormSinglePage
{{drugbox |
|genericName=generic name
| IUPAC_name = 3-hydroxy-2-imino-6-(1-piperidyl)pyrimidin-4-amine
|aOrAn=a
| image = Minoxidil-2D-skeletal.png
|drugClass=Adrenergic receptor agonist
| width = 118px
|indication=a list of indications, separated by commas.
| image2 = Minoxidil-3D-balls.png
|hasBlackBoxWarning=Yes
| CAS_number = 38304-91-5
|adverseReactions=a list of adverse reactions, separated by commas.
| ATC_prefix = C02
|blackBoxWarningTitle=Warning Title
| ATC_suffix =DC01
|blackBoxWarningBody=<i><span style="color:#FF0000;">Condition Name:</span></i> (Content)
| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|D11|AX01}}
|fdaLIADAdult======Condition 1=====
| PubChem = 4201
 
| DrugBank = APRD00086
* Dosing Information
| metabolism = Primarily hepatic
 
| elimination_half-life = 4.2 hours
:* (Dosage)
| excretion = renal
 
| C = 9 | H = 15 | N = 5 | O = 1
=====Condition 2=====
| molecular_weight = 209.251 g/mol
 
| pregnancy_category = C
* Dosing Information
| legal_status = P<small>([[United Kingdom|UK]])</small> for topical use, otherwise POM
 
| routes_of_administration = Oral / [[topical]]
:* (Dosage)
}}
|offLabelAdultGuideSupport======Condition 1=====
{{CMG}}
 
* Developed by: (Organisation)
 
* Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
 
* Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
 
* Dosing Information/Recommendation
 
:* (Dosage)
 
=====Condition 2=====
 
* Developed by: (Organisation)
 
* Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
 
* Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
 
* Dosing Information/Recommendation
 
:* (Dosage)
|offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport======Condition 1=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* (Dosage)
 
=====Condition 2=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* (Dosage)
 
=====Condition 3=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* (Dosage)
|fdaLIADPed======Condition 1=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* (Dosage)
 
=====Condition 2=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* (Dosage)
|offLabelPedGuideSupport======Condition 1=====
 
* Developed by: (Organisation)
 
* Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
 
* Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
 
* Dosing Information/Recommendation
 
:* (Dosage)
 
=====Condition 2=====
 
* Developed by: (Organisation)
 
* Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
 
* Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
 
* Dosing Information/Recommendation
 
:* (Dosage)
|offLabelPedNoGuideSupport======Condition 1=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* (Dosage)
 
=====Condition 2=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* (Dosage)
 
=====Condition 3=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* (Dosage)
|contraindications=* Condition 1
* Condition 2
* Condition 3
* Condition 4
* Condition 5
|warnings======Conidition 1=====
 
(Description)
 
|clinicalTrials=======Central Nervous System======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Cardiovascular======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Respiratory======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Gastrointestinal======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Hypersensitive Reactions======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Miscellaneous======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
=====Condition 2=====
 
======Central Nervous System======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Cardiovascular======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Respiratory======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Gastrointestinal======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Hypersensitive Reactions======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
 
======Miscellaneous======
 
: (list/description of adverse reactions)
|postmarketing=(Description)
|drugInteractions=* Drug 1
* Drug 2
* Drug 3
* Drug 4
* Drug 5
 
=====Drug 1=====
 
(Description)
 
=====Drug 2=====
 
(Description)
 
=====Drug 3=====
 
(Description)
 
=====Drug 4=====
 
(Description)
 
=====Drug 5=====
 
(Description)
|useInPregnancyFDA=(Description)
|useInPregnancyAUS=(Description)
|useInLaborDelivery=(Description)
|useInNursing=(Description)
|useInPed=(Description)
|useInGeri=(Description)
|useInGender=(Description)
|useInRace=(Description)
|useInRenalImpair=(Description)
|useInHepaticImpair=(Description)
|useInReproPotential=(Description)
|useInImmunocomp=(Description)
|othersTitle=Others
|useInOthers=(Description)
 
|administration=(Oral/Intravenous/etc)
|monitoring======Condition 1=====
 
(Description regarding monitoring, from ''Warnings'' section)
 
=====Condition 2=====
 
(Description regarding monitoring, from ''Warnings'' section)
 
=====Condition 3=====
 
(Description regarding monitoring, from ''Warnings'' section)
|IVCompat====Solution===
 
====Compatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Not Tested====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Variable====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Incompatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
===Y-Site===
 
====Compatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Not Tested====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Variable====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Incompatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
===Admixture===
 
====Compatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Not Tested====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Variable====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Incompatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
===Syringe===
 
====Compatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Not Tested====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Variable====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Incompatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
===TPN/TNA===
 
====Compatible====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Not Tested====
 
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
 
====Variable====


* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3


====Incompatible====


For patient information on oral Minoxidil, click [[Minoxidil oral (patient information)|here]]
* Solution 1
* Solution 2
* Solution 3
|overdose====Acute Overdose===


For patient information on topical Minoxidil, click [[Minoxidil topical (patient information)|here]]
====Signs and Symptoms====


'''Minoxidil''' is a [[vasodilator]] and was exclusively used as an oral drug (Loniten®) to treat [[arterial hypertension|high blood pressure]]. It was, however, discovered to have the interesting side effect of hair growth and reversing baldness, and in the 1980s, [[Upjohn|Upjohn Corporation]] produced a topical solution that contained 2% minoxidil to be used to treat baldness and hair loss, under the brand name [[Rogaine (drug)|Rogaine]] in the United States, and [[Rogaine (drug)|Regaine]] outside the United States. Treatments usually include a 5% concentration solutions that are designed for men, while the 2% concentration solutions are designed for women. It is unknown how the drug stimulates hair growth.
(Description)


In 2007 a novel, foam based formulation of 5% Minoxidil was shown to be an effective treatment of [[androgenetic alopecia]] without the usual side effects of the topical solution. <ref>{{cite journal | author = Olsen EA, Whiting D, Bergfeld W, Miller J, Hordinsky M, Wanser R, Zhang P,
====Management====
Kohut B | title = A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of a
novel formulation of 5% minoxidil topical foam versus placebo in the treatment
of androgenetic alopecia in men | journal = J Am Acad Dermatol. | volume = | issue = | pages = | year = 2007 | id = PMID 17761356}}</ref>


Minoxidil is a "[[potassium channel]] agonist."  It contains the chemical structure of [[nitric oxide]] ([[nitrogen|N]][[oxygen|O]]), a blood vessel dilator, and may be a nitric oxide [[agonist]].  This may explain minoxidil's ability to stimulate hair growth and treat hair loss. Since minoxidil is a nitric oxide related compound it was suspected to act via activation of [[guanylate cyclase]], an [[enzyme]] involved in vasodilation, however there are no reports of cGMP or PKG activation to date. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drproctor.com/Archd.htm|title=Alopecia & Free Radical "Redox" Signaling--Nitric Oxide and Superoxide}}</ref>
(Description)


The patent on minoxidil expired on February 13, 1996.<ref>[http://www.kscourts.org/CA10/cases/2002/12/01-1509.htm]</ref>
===Chronic Overdose===


==Side effects==
====Signs and Symptoms====
As a drug to combat [[baldness|hair loss]], the most common side effect is itchy scalp. In some cases minoxidil may initially cause an increase in hair loss.


There have been cases of allergic reactions to minoxidil or the non-active ingredient [[propylene glycol]] which is found in some forms of the topical version, such as [[Rogaine (drug)|Rogaine]].  Large amounts of minoxidil can cause [[hypotension]], and it has been found that using [[petroleum jelly]] or [[tretinoin]] on the scalp with minoxidil can cause too much of the drug absorption by the scalp, as can using the drug on sunburned scalps.
(Description)


If a person uses minoxidil to stop hair loss for a length of time and then stops taking the drug, hair loss will occur again.
====Management====


Other side effects include:
(Description)
* [[Acne vulgaris|acne]] on the area where it is being used as a topical solution
|drugBox={{Drugbox2
* [[headache]]s and/or [[lightheadedness]]
| verifiedrevid =
* [[hypotension|very low blood pressure]]
| IUPAC_name =
* [[cardiac arrhythmia|irregular]] or [[tachycardia|fast heart beat]]
| image =
* blurred vision
| drug_name =
* [[chest pain]]


All the side effects in the above list except for acne may be an indicator that too much of the drug is being used.
<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename =
| MedlinePlus =
| licence_US =
| pregnancy_AU =
| pregnancy_US =
| legal_status =
| routes_of_administration =


It has also been found that the drug can be passed from a mother to a child via [[breast milk]].
<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability =
| metabolism =
| elimination_half-life =
| excretion =


==See also==
<!--Identifiers-->
*[[Baldness treatments]]
| CAS_number_Ref =
| CAS_number =
| ATC_prefix =
| ATC_suffix =
| PubChem =
| IUPHAR_ligand =
| DrugBank_Ref =  
| DrugBank =  
| ChemSpiderID_Ref =  
| ChemSpiderID =  
| UNII_Ref =
| UNII =
| KEGG_Ref =
| KEGG =
| ChEBI_Ref =
| ChEBI =
| ChEMBL_Ref =
| ChEMBL =


==References==
<!--Chemical data-->
<references/>
| C= | H= | N= | O=
| molecular_weight =  
| smiles =  
| InChI =  
| InChIKey =  
| StdInChI_Ref =
| StdInChI =
| StdInChIKey_Ref =
| StdInChIKey =
| melting_point =
}}
|mechAction=(Description)
|structure=(Description with picture)
|PD=(Description)
|PK=(Description)
|nonClinToxic=(Description)
|clinicalStudies======Condition 1=====


==Additional Resources==
(Description)
* [http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/minoxidil.jsp Minoxidil entry at healthatoz.com]
* [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a689003.html MEDLINEplus Drug Information: Minoxidil (Topical)]


<br>
=====Condition 2=====


{{Antihypertensives and diuretics}}
(Description)
{{Other dermatological preparations}}


[[Category:Hair loss]]
=====Condition 3=====
[[Category:Piperidines]]
[[Category:Pyrimidines]]
[[Category:Vasodilators]]
[[Category:Drugs]]
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}


[[hr:Minoksidil]]
(Description)
[[de:Minoxidil]]
|howSupplied=(Description)
[[fr:Minoxidil]]
|fdaPatientInfo=(Patient Counseling Information)
[[it:Minoxidil]]
|nlmPatientInfo=(Link to patient information page)
[[ja:ミノキシジル]]
|lookAlike=* (Paired Confused Name 1a) — (Paired Confused Name 1b)
[[pl:Minoksydil]]
* (Paired Confused Name 2a) — (Paired Confused Name 2b)
[[pt:Minoxidil]]
* (Paired Confused Name 3a) — (Paired Confused Name 3b)
[[fi:Minoksidiili]]
|drugShortage=Drug Shortage
}}

Revision as of 16:49, 27 June 2014

Minoxidil (oral)
Black Box Warning
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];

Disclaimer

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Black Box Warning

Warning Title
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
Condition Name: (Content)

Overview

Minoxidil (oral) is a Adrenergic receptor agonist that is FDA approved for the {{{indicationType}}} of a list of indications, separated by commas.. There is a Black Box Warning for this drug as shown here. Common adverse reactions include a list of adverse reactions, separated by commas..

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

Condition 1
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)
Condition 2
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

Condition 1
  • Developed by: (Organisation)
  • Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
  • Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
  • Dosing Information/Recommendation
  • (Dosage)
Condition 2
  • Developed by: (Organisation)
  • Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
  • Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
  • Dosing Information/Recommendation
  • (Dosage)

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Condition 1
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)
Condition 2
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)
Condition 3
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

Condition 1
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)
Condition 2
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

Condition 1
  • Developed by: (Organisation)
  • Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
  • Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
  • Dosing Information/Recommendation
  • (Dosage)
Condition 2
  • Developed by: (Organisation)
  • Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
  • Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
  • Dosing Information/Recommendation
  • (Dosage)

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Condition 1
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)
Condition 2
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)
Condition 3
  • Dosing Information
  • (Dosage)

Contraindications

  • Condition 1
  • Condition 2
  • Condition 3
  • Condition 4
  • Condition 5

Warnings

Warning Title
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
Condition Name: (Content)
Conidition 1

(Description)

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

Central Nervous System
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Cardiovascular
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Respiratory
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Gastrointestinal
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Hypersensitive Reactions
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Miscellaneous
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Condition 2
Central Nervous System
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Cardiovascular
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Respiratory
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Gastrointestinal
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Hypersensitive Reactions
(list/description of adverse reactions)
Miscellaneous
(list/description of adverse reactions)

Postmarketing Experience

(Description)

Drug Interactions

  • Drug 1
  • Drug 2
  • Drug 3
  • Drug 4
  • Drug 5
Drug 1

(Description)

Drug 2

(Description)

Drug 3

(Description)

Drug 4

(Description)

Drug 5

(Description)

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA): (Description)
Pregnancy Category (AUS): (Description)

Labor and Delivery

(Description)

Nursing Mothers

(Description)

Pediatric Use

(Description)

Geriatic Use

(Description)

Gender

(Description)

Race

(Description)

Renal Impairment

(Description)

Hepatic Impairment

(Description)

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

(Description)

Immunocompromised Patients

(Description)

Others

(Description)

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

(Oral/Intravenous/etc)

Monitoring

Condition 1

(Description regarding monitoring, from Warnings section)

Condition 2

(Description regarding monitoring, from Warnings section)

Condition 3

(Description regarding monitoring, from Warnings section)

IV Compatibility

Solution

Compatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Not Tested

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Variable

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Incompatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Y-Site

Compatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Not Tested

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Variable

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Incompatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Admixture

Compatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Not Tested

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Variable

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Incompatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Syringe

Compatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Not Tested

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Variable

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Incompatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

TPN/TNA

Compatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Not Tested

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Variable

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Incompatible

  • Solution 1
  • Solution 2
  • Solution 3

Overdosage

Acute Overdose

Signs and Symptoms

(Description)

Management

(Description)

Chronic Overdose

Signs and Symptoms

(Description)

Management

(Description)

Pharmacology

Minoxidil (oral)
Systematic (IUPAC) name
?
Identifiers
CAS number ?
ATC code ?
PubChem ?
Chemical data
Formula ?
Mol. mass ?
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability ?
Metabolism ?
Half life ?
Excretion ?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.

?

Legal status
Routes ?

Mechanism of Action

(Description)

Structure

(Description with picture)

Pharmacodynamics

(Description)

Pharmacokinetics

(Description)

Nonclinical Toxicology

(Description)

Clinical Studies

Condition 1

(Description)

Condition 2

(Description)

Condition 3

(Description)

How Supplied

(Description)

Storage

There is limited information regarding Minoxidil (oral) Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

{{#ask: Page Name::Minoxidil (oral) |?Pill Name |?Drug Name |?Pill Ingred |?Pill Imprint |?Pill Dosage |?Pill Color |?Pill Shape |?Pill Size (mm) |?Pill Scoring |?NDC |?Drug Author |format=template |template=DrugPageImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Pill Name }}

Package and Label Display Panel

{{#ask: Label Page::Minoxidil (oral) |?Label Name |format=template |template=DrugLabelImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Label Page }}

Patient Counseling Information

(Patient Counseling Information)

Precautions with Alcohol

Alcohol-Minoxidil (oral) interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor regarding the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

There is limited information regarding Minoxidil (oral) Brand Names in the drug label.

Look-Alike Drug Names

  • (Paired Confused Name 1a) — (Paired Confused Name 1b)
  • (Paired Confused Name 2a) — (Paired Confused Name 2b)
  • (Paired Confused Name 3a) — (Paired Confused Name 3b)

Drug Shortage Status

Drug Shortage

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

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