Procaine: Difference between revisions

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|drugClass=local anesthetic
|drugClass=local anesthetic
|indication=local Anesthetic for local infiltration and peripheral nerve block
|indication=local Anesthetic for local infiltration and peripheral nerve block
|adverseReactions=MYOCARDIAL DEPRESSION, HYPOTENSION and sometimes HYPERTENSION, BRADYCARDIA, VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS, and CARDIAC ARREST,NAUSEA/VOMITING CUTANEOUS LESIONS of delayed onset, URTICARIA, and EDEMA related to ALLERGIC REACTIONS ,NERVOUSNESS, DIZZINESS, BLURRED VISION, and TREMORS may occur due to systemic toxicity; however, DROWSINESS or CONVULSIONS with subsequent unconsciousness and RESPIRATORY ARREST
|adverseReactions=[[myocardial depression]], [[hypotension]] and sometimes [[hypertension]], [[bradycardia]], [[ventricular arrhythmias]], and [[cardiac arrest]],[[nausea]]/[[vomiting]], [[cutaneous lesions]] of delayed onset, [[urticaria]], and edema related to [[allergic reactions]] , [[nervousness]], [[dizziness]], [[blurred vision]], and [[tremors]] may occur due to systemic toxicity; however, [[drowsiness]] or [[convulsions]] with subsequent [[unconsciousness]] and [[respiratory arrest]].
|blackBoxWarningTitle=<b><span style="color:#FF0000;">TITLE</span></b>
|blackBoxWarningTitle=<b><span style="color:#FF0000;">TITLE</span></b>
|blackBoxWarningBody=<i><span style="color:#FF0000;">Condition Name:</span></i> (Content)
|blackBoxWarningBody=<i><span style="color:#FF0000;">Condition Name:</span></i> (Content)
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}}
}}
{{EH}}
{{EH}}
==Overview==
{{Drugbox|
|image=procaine.png
| IUPAC_name = 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 4-aminobenzoate
| CAS_number = 59-46-1
| ATC_prefix=N01
| ATC_suffix=BA02
| ATC_supplemental={{ATC|C05|AD05}} {{ATC|S01|HA05}}
| PubChem=4914
| DrugBank=APRD00650
| C = 13 | H = 20 | N = 2 | O = 2
| molecular_weight = 236.31 g/mol
| bioavailability = n/a
| metabolism = [[Hydrolysis]] by plasma esterases
| elimination_half-life = 40–84 seconds
| excretion = [[Kidney|Renal]]
| pregnancy_AU = B2
| pregnancy_US = C
| legal_AU = S4
| routes_of_administration = [[Parenteral]]
}}
{{SI}}
'''Procaine''' is a [[local anesthetic]] drug of the [[amino]] [[ester]] group. It is used primarily to reduce the pain of [[intramuscular injection]] of [[penicillin]], and is also used in [[dentistry]]. Owing to the ubiquity of the [[trade name]] '''Novocain''', procaine is sometimes referred to generically as '''novocaine''' or '''novacaine'''.
Procaine was first synthesized in 1905, and was the first injectable man-made local anesthetic used. It was created by the [[Germany|German]] chemist [[Alfred Einhorn]] (1857–1917) who gave the chemical the trade name Novocaine, from the [[Latin]] ''Novus'' (meaning New) and ''caine'', a common ending for [[alkaloid]]s used as anesthetics. It was introduced into medical use by surgeon [[Heinrich Braun]] (1862–1934).
Procaine is used less frequently today since more effective (and [[hypoallergenic]]) alternatives such as [[lidocaine]] (xylocaine) exist. Prior to the discovery of procaine, [[cocaine]] was the most commonly used local anesthetic. Procaine (like [[cocaine]]) has the advantage of constricting blood vessels, which reduces bleeding, unlike other local anesthetics like lidocaine, and without the [[euphoria|euphoric]] and addictive qualities of cocaine.
Procaine, an [[ester]] anesthetic, is metabolized in the [[blood plasma|plasma]] by the enzyme [[pseudocholinesterase]] through [[hydrolysis]] into [[para-Amino benzoic acid|para-amino benzoic acid]] (PABA), which is then excreted by the [[kidney]]s into the [[urine]]. Allergic reactions to procaine are usually not in response to procaine itself, but to PABA. About 1 in 3000 people have an atypical form of pseudocholinesterase, which doesn't hydrolyze ester anesthetics such as procaine, resulting in a prolonged period of high levels of the anesthetic in the blood and increased toxicity.
Procaine is the primary ingredient in the controversial preparation [[Gerovital H3]], which is claimed by its advocates to remedy many effects of aging. The mainstream medical view is that these claims were seriously studied and discredited in the 1960s.
==See also==
*[[Procaine blockade]]
{{SIB}}
{{Vasoprotectives}}
{{Local anesthetics}}
[[Category:Dental equipment]]
[[Category:Local anesthetics]]
[[Category:1905 introductions]]
[[de:Procain]]
[[fr:Procaïne]]
[[it:Procaina]]
[[nl:Novocaïne]]
[[ja:プロカイン]]
[[pl:Prokaina]]
[[ru:Прокаин]]
[[simple:Procaine]]
[[sv:Prokain]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{jb1}}

Revision as of 15:15, 30 June 2014

Procaine
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

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Overview

Procaine is a local anesthetic that is FDA approved for the {{{indicationType}}} of local Anesthetic for local infiltration and peripheral nerve block. Common adverse reactions include myocardial depression, hypotension and sometimes hypertension, bradycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest,nausea/vomiting, cutaneous lesions of delayed onset, urticaria, and edema related to allergic reactions , nervousness, dizziness, blurred vision, and tremors may occur due to systemic toxicity; however, drowsiness or convulsions with subsequent unconsciousness and respiratory arrest..

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

There is limited information regarding Procaine FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult) in the drug label.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Procaine in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Procaine in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

There is limited information regarding Procaine FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric) in the drug label.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Procaine in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Procaine in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

There is limited information regarding Procaine Contraindications in the drug label.

Warnings

There is limited information regarding Procaine Warnings' in the drug label.

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

There is limited information regarding Procaine Clinical Trials Experience in the drug label.

Postmarketing Experience

There is limited information regarding Procaine Postmarketing Experience in the drug label.

Drug Interactions

There is limited information regarding Procaine Drug Interactions in the drug label.

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA): There is no FDA guidance on usage of Procaine in women who are pregnant.
Pregnancy Category (AUS): There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Procaine in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Procaine during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Procaine in women who are nursing.

Pediatric Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Procaine in pediatric settings.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Procaine in geriatric settings.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Procaine with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Procaine with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Procaine in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Procaine in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Procaine in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Procaine in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

There is limited information regarding Procaine Administration in the drug label.

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Procaine Monitoring in the drug label.

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding the compatibility of Procaine and IV administrations.

Overdosage

There is limited information regarding Procaine overdosage. If you suspect drug poisoning or overdose, please contact the National Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) immediately.

Pharmacology

There is limited information regarding Procaine Pharmacology in the drug label.

Mechanism of Action

There is limited information regarding Procaine Mechanism of Action in the drug label.

Structure

There is limited information regarding Procaine Structure in the drug label.

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Procaine Pharmacodynamics in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

There is limited information regarding Procaine Pharmacokinetics in the drug label.

Nonclinical Toxicology

There is limited information regarding Procaine Nonclinical Toxicology in the drug label.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Procaine Clinical Studies in the drug label.

How Supplied

There is limited information regarding Procaine How Supplied in the drug label.

Storage

There is limited information regarding Procaine Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

{{#ask: Page Name::Procaine |?Pill Name |?Drug Name |?Pill Ingred |?Pill Imprint |?Pill Dosage |?Pill Color |?Pill Shape |?Pill Size (mm) |?Pill Scoring |?NDC |?Drug Author |format=template |template=DrugPageImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Pill Name }}

Package and Label Display Panel

{{#ask: Label Page::Procaine |?Label Name |format=template |template=DrugLabelImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Label Page }}

Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Procaine Patient Counseling Information in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

Alcohol-Procaine interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

There is limited information regarding Procaine Brand Names in the drug label.

Look-Alike Drug Names

There is limited information regarding Procaine Look-Alike Drug Names in the drug label.

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

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