Leprosy primary prevention: Difference between revisions
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==Primary prevention== | ==Primary prevention== | ||
Unfortunately there are still [[endemic]] regions in the world | Unfortunately there are still [[endemic]] regions in the world where people are deeply affected by leprosy. These due to international travels, threaten to be a source of the [[bacteria]] for the rest world. | ||
Considering the importance of early [[diagnosis]] and [[Therapy|treatment]] of leprosy to prevent lifetime damages, [[primary prevention]] gains an extraordinary importance, particularly in areas of the world with higher [[incidence]] of the [[disease]]. | Considering the importance of early [[diagnosis]] and [[Therapy|treatment]] of leprosy to prevent lifetime damages, [[primary prevention]] gains an extraordinary importance, particularly in areas of the world with higher [[incidence]] of the [[disease]]. | ||
Unfortunately up to today, there is still no adequate tool for the early detection of leprosy. [[Immunoprophylaxis]] studies in different population groups with the [[BCG vaccine]], alone or in combination with killed [[Mycobacterium leprae]] or [[ | Unfortunately up to today, there is still no adequate tool for the early detection of leprosy. [[Immunoprophylaxis]] studies in different population groups with the [[BCG vaccine]], alone or in combination with killed [[Mycobacterium leprae]] or atypical [[Mycobacteria]], have shown an [[efficacy]] of 28 to 60%. To the best of today's knowledge, a good coverage of [[BCG vaccine]] is still a major contribution to reduce the impact of leprosy in populations.<ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Enhanced Global Strategy for Further Reducing the Disease Burden due to Leprosy | url = http://www.searo.who.int/entity/global_leprosy_programme/documents/enhanced_global_strategy_2011_2015_operational_guidelines.pdf }}</ref> | ||
[[Chemoprophylaxis]] of [[chronic]] [[infectious diseases]] has also shown | [[Chemoprophylaxis]] of [[chronic]] [[infectious diseases]] has also shown benefits, particularly in populations with higher [[Risk factor|risk]] of [[infection]] with leprosy. However, it is still early to define [[chemoprophylaxis]] as a [[public health]] measure, as more [[Clinical trial|trials]] are needed to demonstrate [[safety]], [[efficacy]] and [[cost-effectiveness]] of these therapies.<ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Enhanced Global Strategy for Further Reducing the Disease Burden due to Leprosy | url = http://www.searo.who.int/entity/global_leprosy_programme/documents/enhanced_global_strategy_2011_2015_operational_guidelines.pdf }}</ref> | ||
Other important element of [[primary prevention]] is the education of populations. Immediate contacts of leprosy patients have higher [[Risk factor|risk]] of being [[infected]], therefore they should be aware of the condition, its [[transmission]] and what to do to minimize this [[Risk factor|risk]].<ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Enhanced Global Strategy for Further Reducing the Disease Burden due to Leprosy | url = http://www.searo.who.int/entity/global_leprosy_programme/documents/enhanced_global_strategy_2011_2015_operational_guidelines.pdf }}</ref> | Other important element of [[primary prevention]] is the education of populations. Immediate contacts of leprosy patients have higher [[Risk factor|risk]] of being [[infected]], therefore they should be aware of the condition, its [[transmission]] and what to do to minimize this [[Risk factor|risk]].<ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Enhanced Global Strategy for Further Reducing the Disease Burden due to Leprosy | url = http://www.searo.who.int/entity/global_leprosy_programme/documents/enhanced_global_strategy_2011_2015_operational_guidelines.pdf }}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 19:53, 7 July 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Primary prevention measures play a dominant role in minimizing the impact of the disease. Immuno and chemoprophylaxis of leprosy and other infectious diseases are fundamental measures to prevent infection by the Mycobacterium leprae, however, adequate education of the populations also has a great impact in minimizing this risk.
Primary prevention
Unfortunately there are still endemic regions in the world where people are deeply affected by leprosy. These due to international travels, threaten to be a source of the bacteria for the rest world. Considering the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of leprosy to prevent lifetime damages, primary prevention gains an extraordinary importance, particularly in areas of the world with higher incidence of the disease. Unfortunately up to today, there is still no adequate tool for the early detection of leprosy. Immunoprophylaxis studies in different population groups with the BCG vaccine, alone or in combination with killed Mycobacterium leprae or atypical Mycobacteria, have shown an efficacy of 28 to 60%. To the best of today's knowledge, a good coverage of BCG vaccine is still a major contribution to reduce the impact of leprosy in populations.[1]
Chemoprophylaxis of chronic infectious diseases has also shown benefits, particularly in populations with higher risk of infection with leprosy. However, it is still early to define chemoprophylaxis as a public health measure, as more trials are needed to demonstrate safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of these therapies.[1]
Other important element of primary prevention is the education of populations. Immediate contacts of leprosy patients have higher risk of being infected, therefore they should be aware of the condition, its transmission and what to do to minimize this risk.[1]