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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Amlodipine}}
{{Nifedipine}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}: {{AK}}


'''''For patient information about Amlodipine, click [[Amlodipine (patient information)|here]].'''''
'''''For patient information about Nifedipine, click [[Nifedipine (patient information)|here]].'''''
 
{{SB}}
Norvasc<sup>®</sup>, Amlodipine<sup>®</sup>, Amlodipine Besylate<sup>®</sup>.


{{SB}}Adalat<sup>®</sup>, Adalat 10<sup>®</sup>, Adalat 20<sup>®</sup>, Adalat 5<sup>®</sup>, Adalat CC<sup>®</sup>, Adalat CR<sup>®</sup>, Adalat Crono<sup>®</sup>, Adalat Ft<sup>®</sup>, Adalat Gits<sup>®</sup>, Adalat Gits 30<sup>®</sup>, Adalat LA<sup>®</sup>, Adalat LP<sup>®</sup>, Adalat Oros<sup>®</sup>,Adalat PA<sup>®</sup>, Adalat Retard<sup>®</sup>, Adalate<sup>®</sup>, Adapine<sup>®</sup>, Adapress<sup>®</sup>, Alat<sup>®</sup>, Aldipin<sup>®</sup>, Alfadal<sup>®</sup>, Alonix<sup>®</sup>, Alonix S<sup>®</sup>, Alpha-Nifedipine Retard<sup>®</sup>, Angipec<sup>®</sup>, Anifed<sup>®</sup>, Anpine<sup>®</sup>, Apo-Nifed<sup>®</sup>, Aprical<sup>®</sup>, Bonacid<sup>®</sup>, Calcibloc<sup>®</sup>, Calcigard<sup>®</sup>, Calcilat<sup>®</sup>, Camont<sup>®</sup>, Cardifen<sup>®</sup>, Cardilat<sup>®</sup>, Cardionorm<sup>®</sup>, Chronadalate<sup>®</sup>, Chronadalate Lp<sup>®</sup>, Citilat<sup>®</sup>, Coracten<sup>®</sup>, Coral<sup>®</sup>, Cordafen<sup>®</sup>, Cordaflex<sup>®</sup>, Cordalat<sup>®</sup>, Cordicant<sup>®</sup>, Cordilan<sup>®</sup>, Cordipin<sup>®</sup>, Corinfar<sup>®</sup>, Corotrend<sup>®</sup>, Corynphar<sup>®</sup>, Depin<sup>®</sup>, Dignokonstant<sup>®</sup>, Dilafed<sup>®</sup>, Dilcor<sup>®</sup>, Dipinkor<sup>®</sup>, Duranifin<sup>®</sup>, Ecodipi<sup>®</sup>, Ecodipin<sup>®</sup>, Ecodipin E<sup>®</sup>, Fedcor<sup>®</sup>, Fedcor Retard<sup>®</sup>, Fenamon<sup>®</sup>, Fenamon Sr<sup>®</sup>, Fenihidin<sup>®</sup>, Fenihidine<sup>®</sup>, Glopir<sup>®</sup>, Hadipin<sup>®</sup>, Hexadilat<sup>®</sup>, Introcar<sup>®</sup>, Kordafen<sup>®</sup>, Macorel, Megalat<sup>®</sup>, Myogard<sup>®</sup>, N1fedilat<sup>®</sup>, Nedipin<sup>®</sup>, Nicardia<sup>®</sup>, Nifangin<sup>®</sup>, Nifar<sup>®</sup>, Nifdemin<sup>®</sup>, Nifebene<sup>®</sup>, Nifecard<sup>®</sup>, Nifecor<sup>®</sup>, Nifedepat<sup>®</sup>, Nifedicor<sup>®</sup>, Nifedin<sup>®</sup>, Nifedine<sup>®</sup>, Nifedipine Retard<sup>®</sup>, Nifedipres<sup>®</sup>, Nifedirex LP<sup>®</sup>, Nifelan<sup>®</sup>, Nifelat<sup>®</sup>, Nifelat Q<sup>®</sup>, Nifelate<sup>®</sup>, Nifensar XL<sup>®</sup>, Nificard<sup>®</sup>, Nifidine<sup>®</sup>, Nifipen<sup>®</sup>, Niphedipine<sup>®</sup>, Orix<sup>®</sup>, Oxcord<sup>®</sup>, Pidilat<sup>®</sup>, Procardia<sup>®</sup>, Procardia XL<sup>®</sup>, Sepamit<sup>®</sup>, Tibricol<sup>®</sup>, Zenusin<sup>®</sup>
==Overview==
==Overview==
'''Amlodipine''' ('''Norvasc''' (Pfizer) and generics)  (as [[besylate]], [[mesylate]] or [[maleate]]) is a long-acting [[dihydropyridine]]-type (DHP) [[calcium channel blocker]] used [[antihypertensive|to lower blood pressure]] and to treat [[angina pectoris|anginal chest pain]]. Like other calcium channel blockers, amlodipine lowers blood pressure by relaxing [[Artery|arterial]] [[smooth muscle]]s, which decreases [[total peripheral resistance]] and therefore reduces [[blood pressure]]. In angina, amlodipine increases blood flow to the [[Cardiac muscle|heart muscle]] (although DHP-class calcium channel blockers are more selective for arteries than the muscular tissue of the heart (myocardium), as the calcium ion channels of the heart are not of the dihydropyridine-type).
'''Nifedipine''' is a [[dihydropyridine]] [[calcium channel blocker]] that primarily blocks [[L-type calcium channels]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hayashi K, Homma K, Wakino S, Tokuyama H, Sugano N, Saruta T, Itoh H |title=T-type Ca channel blockade as a determinant of kidney protection |journal=Keio J Med |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=84–95 |year=2010 |pmid=20881449 |doi=10.2302/kjm.59.84}}</ref> Its main uses are as an [[antianginal]] (especially in [[Prinzmetal's angina]]) and [[antihypertensive]], although a large number of other indications have recently been found for this agent, such as [[Raynaud's phenomenon]], [[Premature birth|premature labor]], and painful spasms of the [[esophagus]] such as in [[cancer]] and [[tetanus]] patients. It is also commonly used for the small subset of [[pulmonary hypertension]] patients whose symptoms respond to [[calcium channel blockers]].
==Category==
==Category==
[[Dihydropyridine]] [[calium channel blocker]].
[[Calcium channel blockers]].
==FDA Package Insert==
==FDA Package Insert==


===Norvasc<sup>®</sup>===
====NIFEDIPINE<sup>®</sup>====
 
'''  [[Nifedipine indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
 
'''| [[Nifedipine dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
'''  [[Amlodipine indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
'''| [[Nifedipine dosage forms and strengths|Dosage Forms and Strengths]]'''
'''| [[Amlodipine dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
'''| [[Nifedipine contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
'''| [[Amlodipine dosage forms and strengths|Dosage Forms and Strengths]]'''
'''| [[Nifedipine warnings |Warnings]]'''
'''| [[Amlodipine contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
'''| [[Nifedipine precautions|Precautions]]'''
'''| [[Amlodipine warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]'''
'''| [[Nifedipine adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
'''| [[Amlodipine adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
'''| [[Nifedipine drug interactions|Drug Interactions]]'''
'''| [[Amlodipine drug interactions|Drug Interactions]]'''
'''| [[Nifedipine use in specific populations|Use in Specific Populations]]'''
'''| [[Amlodipine use in specific populations|Use in Specific Populations]]'''
'''| [[Nifedipine overdosage|Overdosage]]'''
'''| [[Amlodipine overdosage|Overdosage]]'''
'''| [[Nifedipine description|Description]]'''
'''| [[Amlodipine description|Description]]'''
'''| [[Nifedipine clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
'''| [[Amlodipine clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
'''| [[Nifedipine how supplied storage and handling|How Supplied/Storage and Handling]]'''
'''| [[Amlodipine nonclinical toxicology|Nonclinical Toxicology]]'''
'''| [[Nifedipine patient counseling information|Patient Counseling Information]]'''
'''| [[Amlodipine clinical studies|Clinical Studies]]'''
'''| [[Nifedipine labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]'''
'''| [[Amlodipine how supplied storage and handling|How Supplied/Storage and Handling]]'''
'''| [[Amlodipine patient counseling information|Patient Counseling Information]]'''
'''| [[Amlodipine labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]'''
 
===Pill Images===
{{TempDrugImages}}
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==Mechanism of Action==
==Mechanism of Action==
Amlodipine is a [[dihydropyridine]] [[calcium antagonist]] (calcium ion antagonist or slow-channel blocker) that inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. Experimental data suggest that amlodipine binds to both dihydropyridine and [[nondihydropyridine]] binding sites. The contractile processes of cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle are dependent upon the movement of extracellular calcium ions into these cells through specific ion channels. Amlodipine inhibits calcium ion influx across cell membranes selectively, with a greater effect on vascular smooth muscle cells than on cardiac muscle cells. Negative [[inotropic]] effects can be detected in vitro but such effects have not been seen in intact animals at therapeutic doses. Serum calcium concentration is not affected by amlodipine. Within the physiologic pH range, amlodipine is an ionized compound (pKa=8.6), and its kinetic interaction with the calcium channel receptor is characterized by a gradual rate of association and dissociation with the receptor binding site, resulting in a gradual onset of effect.
Amlodipine is a peripheral arterial [[vasodilator]] that acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance and reduction in blood pressure.
The precise mechanisms by which amlodipine relieves [[angina]] have not been fully delineated, but are thought to include the following:
'''Exertional Angina:''' In patients with exertional [[angina]], NORVASC reduces the total peripheral resistance ([[afterload]]) against which the heart works and reduces the rate pressure product, and thus myocardial oxygen demand, at any given level of exercise.
'''Vasospastic Angina:''' NORVASC has been demonstrated to block constriction and restore blood flow in coronary arteries and arterioles in response to calcium, potassium [[epinephrine]], [[serotonin]], and [[thromboxane A2]] analog in experimental animal models and in human coronary vessels in vitro. This inhibition of coronary spasm is responsible for the effectiveness of NORVASC in vasospastic ([[Prinzmetal's]] or variant) angina.<ref name="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov">{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = NORVASC (AMLODIPINE BESYLATE) TABLET [CARDINAL HEALTH] | url = http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=44e5ad27-e062-461a-bdf4-192d852fbc49#nlm42230-3 | publisher =  | date =  | accessdate = 6 March 2014 }}</ref>


==References==
==References==


{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
 
http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=03be089c-07e5-4f94-bfcc-c6101b311785
[[Category:Cardiovascular Drugs]]
[[Category:Cardiovascular Drugs]]
[[Category:Drugs]]
[[Category:Drugs]]

Revision as of 19:59, 14 July 2014

Nifedipine
NIFEDIPINE® FDA Package Insert
Indications and Usage
Dosage and Administration
Dosage Forms and Strengths
Contraindications
Warnings
Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Overdosage
Description
Clinical Pharmacology
How Supplied/Storage and Handling
Patient Counseling Information
Labels and Packages
Clinical Trials on Nifedipine
ClinicalTrials.gov

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: : Abdurahman Khalil, M.D. [2]

For patient information about Nifedipine, click here.

Synonyms / Brand Names:Adalat®, Adalat 10®, Adalat 20®, Adalat 5®, Adalat CC®, Adalat CR®, Adalat Crono®, Adalat Ft®, Adalat Gits®, Adalat Gits 30®, Adalat LA®, Adalat LP®, Adalat Oros®,Adalat PA®, Adalat Retard®, Adalate®, Adapine®, Adapress®, Alat®, Aldipin®, Alfadal®, Alonix®, Alonix S®, Alpha-Nifedipine Retard®, Angipec®, Anifed®, Anpine®, Apo-Nifed®, Aprical®, Bonacid®, Calcibloc®, Calcigard®, Calcilat®, Camont®, Cardifen®, Cardilat®, Cardionorm®, Chronadalate®, Chronadalate Lp®, Citilat®, Coracten®, Coral®, Cordafen®, Cordaflex®, Cordalat®, Cordicant®, Cordilan®, Cordipin®, Corinfar®, Corotrend®, Corynphar®, Depin®, Dignokonstant®, Dilafed®, Dilcor®, Dipinkor®, Duranifin®, Ecodipi®, Ecodipin®, Ecodipin E®, Fedcor®, Fedcor Retard®, Fenamon®, Fenamon Sr®, Fenihidin®, Fenihidine®, Glopir®, Hadipin®, Hexadilat®, Introcar®, Kordafen®, Macorel, Megalat®, Myogard®, N1fedilat®, Nedipin®, Nicardia®, Nifangin®, Nifar®, Nifdemin®, Nifebene®, Nifecard®, Nifecor®, Nifedepat®, Nifedicor®, Nifedin®, Nifedine®, Nifedipine Retard®, Nifedipres®, Nifedirex LP®, Nifelan®, Nifelat®, Nifelat Q®, Nifelate®, Nifensar XL®, Nificard®, Nifidine®, Nifipen®, Niphedipine®, Orix®, Oxcord®, Pidilat®, Procardia®, Procardia XL®, Sepamit®, Tibricol®, Zenusin®

Overview

Nifedipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that primarily blocks L-type calcium channels.[1] Its main uses are as an antianginal (especially in Prinzmetal's angina) and antihypertensive, although a large number of other indications have recently been found for this agent, such as Raynaud's phenomenon, premature labor, and painful spasms of the esophagus such as in cancer and tetanus patients. It is also commonly used for the small subset of pulmonary hypertension patients whose symptoms respond to calcium channel blockers.

Category

Calcium channel blockers.

FDA Package Insert

NIFEDIPINE®

Indications and Usage | Dosage and Administration | Dosage Forms and Strengths | Contraindications | Warnings | Precautions | Adverse Reactions | Drug Interactions | Use in Specific Populations | Overdosage | Description | Clinical Pharmacology | How Supplied/Storage and Handling | Patient Counseling Information | Labels and Packages

Mechanism of Action

References

  1. ↑ Hayashi K, Homma K, Wakino S, Tokuyama H, Sugano N, Saruta T, Itoh H (2010). "T-type Ca channel blockade as a determinant of kidney protection". Keio J Med. 59 (3): 84–95. doi:10.2302/kjm.59.84. PMID 20881449.

http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=03be089c-07e5-4f94-bfcc-c6101b311785

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