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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Clonidine}}
{{Aminocaproic acid}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{PB}}
{{CMG}}


'''''For patient information about Clonidine, click [[Clonidine (patient information)|here]]'''''
'''''For patient information, click <u>[[Aminocaproic acid (patient information)|here]]'''''</u>.
 
{{SB}}


==Overview==
==Overview==


Not to be confused with [[clomifene]], [[clonazepam]] ([[Klonopin]]), or [[clozapine]].
'''Aminocaproic acid''' (also known as Amicar, є-amino caproic acid, or 6-aminohexanoic acid) is a derivative and analogue of the [[amino acid]][[lysine]], which makes it an effective [[enzyme inhibitor|inhibitor]] for [[enzyme|enzymes]] which bind that particular residue. Such enzymes include[[proteolytic]] enzymes (which break down [[protein|proteins]]) including [[plasminogen]], the enzyme responsible for [[fibrinolysis]]. For this reason it is effective in treatment of some [[coagulopathy|bleeding disorders]] and is marketed as Amicar.
 
Clonidine (trade names Catapres, Kapvay, Nexiclon and others) is a sympatholytic medication used to treat high blood pressure, [[ADHD]], [[anxiety]]/[[panic disorder]], and certain pain conditions. It is classified as a centrally acting α2 adrenergic agonist. An alternative hypothesis that has been proposed is that clonidine acts centrally as an [[imidazoline]] receptor agonist.


==Category==
==Category==


Anti Migraine Preparation.
Antifibrinolytics
 
====CATAPRES====


'''  [[CATAPRES indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
==US Brand Names==
'''| [[CATAPRES dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
'''| [[CATAPRES dosage forms and strengths|Dosage Forms and Strengths]]'''
'''| [[CATAPRES contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
'''| [[CATAPRES warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]'''
'''| [[CATAPRES adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
'''| [[CATAPRES drug interactions|Drug Interactions]]'''
'''| [[CATAPRES use in specific populations|Use in Specific Populations]]'''
'''| [[CATAPRES overdosage|Overdosage]]'''
'''| [[CATAPRES description|Description]]'''
'''| [[CATAPRES clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
'''| [[CATAPRES nonclinical toxicology|Nonclinical Toxicology]]'''
'''| [[CATAPRES clinical studies|Clinical Studies]]'''
'''| [[CATAPRES how supplied storage and handling|How Supplied/Storage and Handling]]'''
'''| [[CATAPRES patient counseling information|Patient Counseling Information]]'''
'''| [[CATAPRES labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]'''


====CLONIDINE patch====
AMICAR<sup>®</sup>


'''| [[CLONIDINE patch indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
==FDA Package Insert==
'''| [[CLONIDINE patch dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
'''| [[CLONIDINE patch dosage forms and strengths|Dosage Forms and Strengths]]'''
'''| [[CLONIDINE patch contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
'''| [[CLONIDINE patch warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]'''
'''| [[CLONIDINE patch adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
'''| [[CLONIDINE patch drug interactions|Drug Interactions]]'''
'''| [[CLONIDINE patch use in specific populations|Use in Specific Populations]]'''
'''| [[CLONIDINE patch overdosage|Overdosage]]'''
'''| [[CLONIDINE patch description|Description]]'''
'''| [[CLONIDINE patch clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
'''| [[CLONIDINE patch nonclinical toxicology|Nonclinical Toxicology]]'''
'''| [[CLONIDINE patch clinical studies|Clinical Studies]]'''
'''| [[CLONIDINE patch how supplied storage and handling|How Supplied/Storage and Handling]]'''
'''| [[CLONIDINE patch patient counseling information|Patient Counseling Information]]'''
'''| [[CLONIDINE patch labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]'''


====DURACLON====
''' [[Aminocaproic acid indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
'''| [[Aminocaproic acid dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
'''| [[Aminocaproic acid dosage forms and strengths|Dosage Forms and Strengths]]'''
'''| [[Aminocaproic acid contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
'''| [[Aminocaproic acid warnings|Warnings and Precautions]]'''
'''| [[Aminocaproic acid adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
'''| [[Aminocaproic acid drug interactions|Drug Interactions]]'''
'''| [[Aminocaproic acid use in specific populations|Use in Specific Populations]]'''
'''| [[Aminocaproic acid overdosage|Overdosage]]'''
'''| [[Aminocaproic acid description|Description]]'''
'''| [[Aminocaproic acid clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
'''| [[Aminocaproic acid nonclinical toxicology|Nonclinical Toxicology]]'''
'''| [[Aminocaproic acid clinical studies|Clinical Studies]]'''
'''| [[Aminocaproic acid how supplied storage and handling|How Supplied/Storage and Handling]]'''
'''| [[Aminocaproic acid patient counseling information|Patient Counseling Information]]'''
'''| [[Aminocaproic acid labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]'''


'''| [[DURACLON indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
===Pill Images===
'''| [[DURACLON dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
{{TempDrugImages}}
'''| [[DURACLON dosage forms and strengths|Dosage Forms and Strengths]]'''
{{PillImage|fileName=Aminocaproic_Acid_NDC_617480045.jpg|drugName=Aminocaproic Acid|NDC=617480045|drugAuthor=VersaPharm Incorporated|ingredients=AMINOCAPROIC ACID[AMINOCAPROIC ACID]|pillImprint=VP;045|dosageValue=500|dosageUnit=mg|pillColor=White|pillShape=Round|pillSize=13|pillScore=2}}
'''| [[DURACLON contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
{{PillImage|fileName=Amicar_NDC_664790021.jpg|drugName=Amicar|NDC=664790021|drugAuthor=Xanodyne Pharmaceuticals, Inc.|ingredients=Aminocaproic Acid[Aminocaproic Acid]|pillImprint=XP;A;10|dosageValue=500|dosageUnit=mg|pillColor=White|pillShape=Round|pillSize=13|pillScore=2}}
'''| [[DURACLON warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]'''
'''| [[DURACLON adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
'''| [[DURACLON drug interactions|Drug Interactions]]'''
'''| [[DURACLON use in specific populations|Use in Specific Populations]]'''
'''| [[DURACLON overdosage|Overdosage]]'''
'''| [[DURACLON description|Description]]'''
'''| [[DURACLON clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
'''| [[DURACLON nonclinical toxicology|Nonclinical Toxicology]]'''
'''| [[DURACLON clinical studies|Clinical Studies]]'''
'''| [[DURACLON how supplied storage and handling|How Supplied/Storage and Handling]]'''
'''| [[DURACLON patient counseling information|Patient Counseling Information]]'''
'''| [[DURACLON labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]'''


==Mechanism of action==
==Mechanism of Action==
Clonidine treats high blood pressure by stimulating [[Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor|α<sub>2</sub>-receptors]] in the brain, which decreases [[peripheral vascular resistance]], lowering blood pressure. It has specificity towards the [[presynaptic]] α<sub>2</sub>-receptors in the vasomotor center in the [[brainstem]]. This binding decreases presynaptic [[calcium]] levels, thus inhibiting the release of [[norepinephrine]] (NE). The net effect is a decrease in sympathetic tone.


It has also been proposed that the antihypertensive effect of clonidine is due to agonism on the I<sub>1</sub>-receptor ([[imidazoline receptor]]), which mediates the sympatho-inhibitory actions of imidazolines to lower blood pressure.
Aminocaproic acid works as an anti-fibrinolytic or anti-proteolytic. As a lysine [[analogue]], it binds reversibly to the [[kringle domain]] of the enzyme [[plasminogen]] and blocks binding of [[fibrin]], which is normally activated to [[plasmin]].
 
Its mechanism of action in the treatment of [[ADHD]] is to increase noradrenergic tone in the [[prefrontal cortex]] (PFC) directly by binding to postsynaptic [[alpha-2A adrenergic receptor|α<sub>2A</sub> adrenergic receptors]] and indirectly by increasing [[norepinephrine]] input from the [[locus coeruleus]].<ref name="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov">{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = CATAPRES (CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE) TABLET [BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM PHARMACEUTICALS INC.] | url = http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=d7f569dc-6bed-42dc-9bec-940a9e6b090d | publisher =  | date =  | accessdate = 5 February 2014 }}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Receptor !! K<sub>i</sub> (nM)
|-
| [[Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor|α<sub>1A</sub>]] || 316.2278
|-
| [[Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor|α<sub>1B</sub>]] || 316.2278
|-
| [[Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor|α<sub>1D</sub>]] || 125.8925
|-
| [[Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor|α<sub>2A</sub>]] || 42.92
|-
| [[Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor|α<sub>2B</sub>]] || 106.31
|-
| [[Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor|α<sub>2C</sub>]] || 233.1
|}


==References==
==References==
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{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Antifibrinolytics]]
[[Category:Cardiovascular Drugs]]
[[Category:Cardiovascular Drugs]]
[[Category:Drugs]]
[[Category:Amino acids]]
[[Category:Antifibrinolytics]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
 
[[ja:Ε-アミノカプロン酸]]
[[pl:Kwas ε-aminokapronowy]]
 
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Revision as of 16:29, 17 July 2014

Aminocaproic acid
AMICAR® FDA Package Insert
Indications and Usage
Dosage and Administration
Dosage Forms and Strengths
Contraindications
Warnings and Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Overdosage
Description
Clinical Pharmacology
How Supplied/Storage and Handling
Labels and Packages
Clinical Trials
ClinicalTrials.gov

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

For patient information, click here.

Overview

Aminocaproic acid (also known as Amicar, є-amino caproic acid, or 6-aminohexanoic acid) is a derivative and analogue of the amino acidlysine, which makes it an effective inhibitor for enzymes which bind that particular residue. Such enzymes includeproteolytic enzymes (which break down proteins) including plasminogen, the enzyme responsible for fibrinolysis. For this reason it is effective in treatment of some bleeding disorders and is marketed as Amicar.

Category

Antifibrinolytics

US Brand Names

AMICAR®

FDA Package Insert

Indications and Usage | Dosage and Administration | Dosage Forms and Strengths | Contraindications | Warnings and Precautions | Adverse Reactions | Drug Interactions | Use in Specific Populations | Overdosage | Description | Clinical Pharmacology | Nonclinical Toxicology | Clinical Studies | How Supplied/Storage and Handling | Patient Counseling Information | Labels and Packages

Pill Images

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 |Pill Imprint=VP;045
 |Pill Dosage=500 mg
 |Pill Color=White|+sep=;
 |Pill Shape=Round
 |Pill Size (mm)=13
 |Pill Scoring=2
 |Pill Image=
 |Drug Author=VersaPharm Incorporated
 |NDC=617480045

}}

{{#subobject: 

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 |Drug Name=Amicar
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 |Pill Imprint=XP;A;10
 |Pill Dosage=500 mg
 |Pill Color=White|+sep=;
 |Pill Shape=Round
 |Pill Size (mm)=13
 |Pill Scoring=2
 |Pill Image=
 |Drug Author=Xanodyne Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
 |NDC=664790021

}}


Mechanism of Action

Aminocaproic acid works as an anti-fibrinolytic or anti-proteolytic. As a lysine analogue, it binds reversibly to the kringle domain of the enzyme plasminogen and blocks binding of fibrin, which is normally activated to plasmin.

References


Template:WikiDoc Sources

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