|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{Drugbox
| | #REDIRECT [[Hydrochlorothiazide#Pharmacology]] |
| | IUPAC_name = 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-<BR>1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-<BR>7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide
| |
| | image = Hydrochlorothiazide-2D-skeletal.png
| |
| | image2 = Hydrochlorothiazide-3D-balls.png
| |
| | width=200px
| |
| | CAS_number=58-93-5
| |
| | ATC_prefix=C03
| |
| | ATC_suffix=AA03
| |
| | ATC_supplemental=
| |
| | PubChem=3639
| |
| | DrugBank=
| |
| | C=7 | H=8 |Cl=1 | N=3 | O=4 | S=2
| |
| | molecular_weight = 297.742
| |
| | bioavailability= Variably absorbed from GI tract
| |
| | metabolism =
| |
| | elimination_half-life=5.6-14.8 hours
| |
| | excretion = Primarily excreted unchanged in urine
| |
| | pregnancy_category = B (D if used to treat pregnancy-induced hypertension)
| |
| | legal_status = Rx-only
| |
| | routes_of_administration= Oral (capsules, tablets, oral solution)
| |
| }}
| |
| {{CMG}}
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| ==[[Hydrochlorothiazide (patient information)|For patient information, click here]]==
| |
| | |
| | |
| '''Hydrochlorothiazide''', sometimes abbreviated '''HCT''', '''HCTZ''', or '''HZT''' is a popular [[diuretic]] drug that acts by inhibiting the [[kidney]]s' ability to retain water. This reduces the volume of the [[blood]], decreasing blood return to the heart and thus [[cardiac output]] and, by other mechanisms, is believed to lower [[peripheral vascular resistance]]. Hydrochlorothiazide is sold both as a [[generic drug]] and under a large number of brand names, including: '''Apo-Hydro''', '''Aquazide H''', '''Dichlotride''', '''Hydrodiuril''', '''HydroSaluric''', '''Microzide''', '''Oretic'''.
| |
| | |
| == Activity ==
| |
| Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to the [[thiazide]] class of [[diuretic]]s, acting on the [[kidneys]] to reduce [[sodium]] (Na) reabsorption in the [[distal convoluted tubule]]. This reduces the [[osmotic pressure]] in the kidneys, causing less water to be reabsorbed by the [[collecting duct]]s. This leads to increased urinary output.
| |
| | |
| == Indications ==
| |
| HCT is often used in the treatment of [[hypertension]], congestive [[heart failure]], symptomatic [[edema]] and the prevention of [[kidney stone]]s. It is effective for nephrogenic [[diabetes insipidus]] (paradoxical effect, which decreases urine formation) and is also sometimes used for [[hypercalciuria]] and [[Dent's Disease]].
| |
| | |
| [[Hypokalemia]], an occasional side-effect, can be usually prevented by [[potassium]] supplements or combining hydrochlorothiazide with a [[potassium-sparing diuretic]].
| |
| | |
| == Side effects ==
| |
| * [[Hypokalemia]]
| |
| * [[Hypomagnesemia]]
| |
| * [[Hyperuricemia]] and [[gout]]
| |
| * [[Hyperglycemia|High blood sugar]]
| |
| * [[Hypercholesterolemia|High cholesterol]]
| |
| * [[Headache]]
| |
| * [[Impotence]]
| |
| * [[Nausea]]/[[Vomit]]ing
| |
| | |
| NOTE: This list needs references. The NIH link provided below does not agree with several items on this list.
| |
| | |
| ==External links==
| |
| http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a682571.html
| |
| | |
| | |
| {{Antihypertensives and diuretics}}
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Thiazides]]
| |
| [[Category:Drugs]]
| |
| | |
| | |
| [[de:Hydrochlorothiazid]]
| |
| [[hr:Hidroklorotiazid]]
| |
| [[hu:Hidroklorotiazid]]
| |
| [[ja:ヒドロクロロチアジド]]
| |
| [[no:Hydroklortiazid]]
| |
| [[nn:Hydroklortiazid]]
| |
| [[pl:Hydrochlorotiazyd]]
| |
| [[pt:Hidroclorotiazida]]
| |
| | |
| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
| |
| {{WikiDoc Sources}}
| |