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| {{drugbox |
| | #REDIRECT [[Timolol#Pharmacology]] |
| | IUPAC_name = (''S'')-1-(''tert''-butylamino)-<br />3-(4-morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yloxy)propan-2-ol
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| | CAS_number = 26839-75-8
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| | ATC_prefix=C07
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| | ATC_suffix=AA06
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| | PubChem=5478
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| | DrugBank=APRD00229
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| | C=13 | H=24 | N=4 | O=3 | S=1
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| | molecular_weight = 316.421 g/mol
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| | bioavailability = 60%
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| | metabolism = [[Liver|Hepatic]]: 80%
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| | elimination_half-life = 2.5-5 hours
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| | excretion = [[Kidney|Renal]]
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| | pregnancy_AU = C
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| | pregnancy_US = C
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| | pregnancy_category =
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| | legal_status = Rx-only
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| | routes_of_administration = oral, [[Eye|Ophthalmic]]
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| }}
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| {{CMG}}
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| '''Timolol maleate''' is a non-selective [[beta blocker|beta-adrenergic receptor blocker]]. In its oral form ('''Blocadren'''), it is used to treat [[hypertension|high blood pressure]] and prevent [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]]s, and occasionally to prevent [[migraine]] headaches. In its [[eye|ophthalmic]] form (brand names '''Timoptol''' in Italy; '''Timoptic'''), it is used to treat open-angle and occasionally secondary [[glaucoma]] by reducing aqueous humour production through blockade of the beta receptors on the ciliary epithelium.
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| ==Side effects==
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| The most serious possible side effects include cardiac [[arrhythmia]]s and severe [[bronchospasm]]s. Timolol can also lead to [[syncope|fainting]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[clinical depression|depression]], [[confusion]], and [[impotence]].
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| ==Usual dosage==
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| *Children and Adults: Ophthalmic: Initial: 0.25% solution, instill 1 drop twice daily; increase to 0.5% solution if response not adequate; decrease to 1 drop/day if *controlled; do not exceed 1 drop twice daily of 0.5% solution Adults: Oral:
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| *Hypertension: Initial: 10 mg twice daily, increase gradually every 7 days, usual dosage: 20-40 mg/day in 2 divided doses; maximum: 60 mg/day
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| *Prevention of myocardial infarction: 10 mg twice daily initiated within 1-4 weeks after infarction
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| *Migraine headache: Initial: 10 mg twice daily, increase to maximum of 30 mg/day
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| ==Formulations==
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| *Gel-forming solution, ophthalmic, as maleate (Timoptic-XE): 0.25% (2.5 mL, 5 mL); 0.5% (2.5 mL, 5 mL)
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| *Solution, ophthalmic, as hemihydrate (Betimol): 0.25% (5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL); 0.5% (5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL) [contains [[benzalkonium chloride]]]
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| *Solution, ophthalmic, as maleate: 0.25% (5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL); 0.5% (5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL) [contains benzalkonium chloride]
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| *Timoptic: 0.25% (5 mL, 10 mL); 0.5% (5 mL, 10 mL) [contains benzalkonium chloride]
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| *Solution, ophthalmic, as maleate [preservative free] (Timoptic OcuDose): 0.25% (0.2 mL);0.5% (0.2 mL) [single use]
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| *Tablet, as maleate (Blocadren): 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg
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| For opthalmic use, timolol is also available combined with other medications:
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| *[[Cosopt]] - timolol maleate and [[Dorzolamide|dorzolamide hydrochloride]]
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| *[[Alcon#Glaucoma|DuoTrav]] - timolol and [[travoprost]]
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| ==Brand names==
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| *In Canada: Apo-Timol, Apo-Timop, Gen-Timolol, Nu-Timolol, Phoxal-timolol, PMS-Timolol, Tim-AK, Timoptic, Timoptic-XE.
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| *In United States: Betimol, Blocadren, Istalol, Timoptic, Timoptic-XE, Timoptic OcuDose.
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| {{beta blockers}}
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| {{Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics}}
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| [[Category:Beta blockers]]
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| [[Category:Morpholines]]
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| [[Category:Drugs]]
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| [[de:Timolol]]
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| [[ru:Тимолол]]
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