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| __NOTOC__
| | #REDIRECT [[Diazoxide#Pharmacology]] |
| {{Diazoxide}}
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| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SS}}
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| ==Clinical Pharmacology==
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| Diazoxide administered orally produces a prompt dose-related increase in blood glucose level, due primarily to an inhibition of insulin release from the pancreas, and also to an extrapancreatic effect.
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| The hyperglycemic effect begins within an hour and generally lasts no more than eight hours in the presence of normal renal function.
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| PROGLYCEM® decreases the excretion of sodium and water, resulting in fluid retention which may be clinically significant.
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| The hypotensive effect of diazoxide on blood pressure is usually not marked with the oral preparation. This contrasts with the intravenous preparation of diazoxide (seeADVERSE REACTIONS).
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| Other pharmacologic actions of PROGLYCEM® include increased pulse rate; increased serum uric acid levels due to decreased excretion; increased serum levels of free fatty acids' decreased chloride excretion; decreased para-aminohippuric acid; (PAH) clearance with no appreciable effect on glomerular filtration rate.
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| The concomitant administration of a [[benzothiazide]] [[diuretic]] may intensify the hyperglycemic and hyperuricemic effects of PROGLYCEM®. In the presence of [[hypokalemia]], hyperglycemic effects are also potentiated.
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| PROGLYCEM®-induced [[hyperglycemia]] is reversed by the administration of insulin or [[tolbutamide]]. The inhibition of insulin release by PROGLYCEM® is antagonized by alpha-adrenergic blocking agents.
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| PROGLYCEM® is extensively bound (more than 90%) to serum proteins, and is excreted in the kidneys. The plasma half-life following I.V. administration is 28 ± 8.3 hours. Limited data on oral administration revealed a half-life of 24 and 36 hours in two adults. In four children aged four months to six years, the plasma half-life varied from 9.5 to 24 hours on long-term oral administration. The half-life may be prolonged following overdosage, and in patients with impaired renal function.<ref name="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov">{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = PROGLYCEM (DIAZOXIDE) SUSPENSION [TEVA GLOBAL RESPIRATORY RESEARCH LLC] | url = http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b16c7832-2fd9-49af-b923-1dc0d91fd6e2 | publisher = | date = | accessdate = 26 February 2014 }}</ref>
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| {{Nonsympatholytic vasodilatory antihypertensives}}
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| {{Other therapeutic products}}
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| {{Channel openers}}
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| [[Category:Sulfonamides]]
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| [[Category:Vasodilators]]
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| [[Category:Potassium channel openers]]
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| [[Category:Benzothiadiazines]]
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| [[Category:Organochlorides]]
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| [[Category:Cardiovascular Drugs]]
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| [[Category:Drugs]]
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