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| __NOTOC__
| | #REDIRECT [[Azilsartan kamedoxomil#Nonclinical Toxicology]] |
| {{Azilsartan}}
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| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SS}}
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| ==Nonclinical Toxicology==
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| ===Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility===
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| ====Carcinogenesis====
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| Azilsartan medoxomil was not carcinogenic when assessed in 26-week transgenic (Tg.rasH2) mouse and two-year rat studies. The highest doses tested (450 mg azilsartan medoxomil/kg/day in the mouse and 600 mg azilsartan medoxomil/kg/day in the rat) produced exposures to azilsartan that are 12 (mice) and 27 (rats) times the average exposure to azilsartan in humans given the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD, 80 mg azilsartan medoxomil/day). M-II was not carcinogenic when assessed in 26-week Tg.rasH2 mouse and two-year rat studies. The highest doses tested (approximately 8000 mg M-II/kg/day [males] and 11,000 mg M-II/kg/day [females] in the mouse and 1000 mg M-II/kg/day [males] and up to 3000 mg M-II/kg/day [females] in the rat) produced exposures that are, on average, about 30 (mice) and seven (rats) times the average exposure to M-II in humans at the MRHD.
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| ====Mutagenesis====
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| Azilsartan medoxomil, azilsartan, and M-II were positive for structural aberrations in the Chinese Hamster Lung Cytogenetic Assay. In this assay, structural chromosomal aberrations were observed with the prodrug, azilsartan medoxomil, without metabolic activation. The active moiety, azilsartan was also positive in this assay both with and without metabolic activation. The major human metabolite, M-II was also positive in this assay during a 24-hour assay without metabolic activation. | |
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| Azilsartan medoxomil, azilsartan, and M-II were devoid of genotoxic potential in the Ames reverse mutation assay with Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, thein vitro Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell forward mutation assay, the in vitro mouse lymphoma (tk) gene mutation test, the ex vivo unscheduled DNA synthesis test, and thein vivo mouse and/or rat bone marrow micronucleus assay.
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| ====Impairment of Fertility====
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| There was no effect of azilsartan medoxomil on the fertility of male or female rats at oral doses of up to 1000 mg azilsartan medoxomil/kg/day (6000 mg/m2 [approximately 122 times the MRHD of 80 mg azilsartan medoxomil/60 kg on a mg/m2 basis]). Fertility of rats also was unaffected at doses of up to 3000 mg M-II/kg/day.
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| ===Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology====
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| ====Reproductive Toxicology====
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| In peri- and postnatal rat development studies, adverse effects on pup viability, delayed incisor eruption and dilatation of the renal pelvis along with hydronephrosis were seen when azilsartan medoxomil was administered to pregnant and nursing rats at 1.2 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis. Reproductive toxicity studies indicated that azilsartan medoxomil was not teratogenic when administered at oral doses up to 1000 mg azilsartan medoxomil/kg/day to pregnant rats (122 times the MRHD on a mg/m2basis) or up to 50 mg azilsartan medoxomil/kg/day to pregnant rabbits (12 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis). M-II also was not teratogenic in rats or rabbits at doses up to 3000 mg M-II/kg/day. Azilsartan crossed the placenta and was found in the fetuses of pregnant rats and was excreted into the milk of lactating rats.<ref name="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov">{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = EDARBI (AZILSARTAN KAMEDOXOMIL) TABLET [TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICALS AMERICA, INC.] | url = http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=75b16bfc-38c1-4133-bd7d-13258d54edec | publisher = | date = | accessdate = 19 February 2014 }}</ref>
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| [[Category:Angiotensin II receptor antagonists]]
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| [[Category:Benzimidazoles]]
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| [[Category:Carbamates]]
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| [[Category:Ethers]]
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| [[Category:Cardiovascular Drugs]]
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| [[Category:Drugs]]
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