Yersinia pestis infection classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editors-In-Chief: Esther Lee, M.A.; Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]
Overview
Plague can be classified according to the clinical syndrome it causes into bubonic plague, septicimic plague, pneumonic plague, or other forms.
Classification
Bubonic Plague
Bubonic plague is transmitted by flea bite or direct contamination of an open skin lesion by plague-infected material. The infection spreads via the lymphatics to the regional lymph nodes causing inflammation and swelling in one or several nodes (buboes).[1]
Pneumonic Plague
Plague pneumonia occurs in two distinct and epidemiologically significant forms.[1]
- Secondary plague pneumonia results from hematogenous spread of Y. pestis to the lungs.
- A primary pneumonic plague patient usually has an infectious pneumonitis at the onset of symptoms.
Septicemic Plague
Septicemic plague can be primary or secondary to bubonic plague. Primary septicemic plague is a progressive, overwhelming bloodstream infection with Y. pestis in the apparent absence of a primary lymphadenopathy.[1]
Other Types of Plague
- Cellulocutaneous plague
- Meningeal plague
- Pharyngeal plague
- Abortive plague
- Pestis minor
- Asymptomatic plague