HIV AIDS differential diagnosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-in-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS
Overview
AIDS is an immunodeficiency disease. It should be considered in patient presenting with symptoms of immunodeficiency. AIDS should be distinguished from congenital disorders and considered in the differential diagnosis of childhood immunodeficiency.
The possibility of HIV infection should be considered on a case-by-case basis and other causes of immune suppression must be considered.
Various medical conditions that cause immunosuppression are chemotherapy, immune disorders, severe combined immune deficiency [SCID], severe malnutrition.
Differentiating AIDS from other Diseases
| Disorder | Disease Definition |
|---|---|
| Burkitt lymphoma | Burkitt's lymphoma (or "Burkitt's tumor", or "Malignant lymphoma, Burkitt's type") is a cancer of the lymphatic system (in particular, B lymphocytes). It is associated with the Epstein-Barr virus, also the cause of mononucleosis as well as other cancers |
| Influenza | Influenza, commonly known as flu, is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by RNA viruses of the biological family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses). In humans, common symptoms of influenza infection are fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness and general discomfort. In more serious cases, influenza causes pneumonia, which can be fatal, particularly in young children and the elderly |
| Streptococcal pharyngitis | Streptococcal pharyngitis or streptococcal sore throat (Strep throat AmE), is a form of group A streptococcal infection that affects the pharynx, and possibly the larynx and tonsils and presents as sorethroat. |
| Viral gastroenteritis | Gastroenteritis is the inflammation of the stomach and the small and large intestines. Viral gastroenteritis is an infection caused by a variety of viruses that results in vomiting or diarrhea. It is often called the "stomach flu," although it is not caused by the influenza viruses. |
| Viral upper respiratory tract infection | Acute viral infection of the upper respiratory tract can cause symptoms similar to AIDS like sore throat, pharyngitis, malaise and pharyngitis. |
| Acute viral hepatitis | Acute viral inflammation of liver can cause loss of appetite, malaise, jaundice and other constitutional syndromes |
| Primary herpes simplex infection | Herpes simplex is a viral infection that causes that can produce various symptoms depending on the sites of infection. Oral herpes can cause cold sores in mouth and is the most common for of Infection. It can have active and latent phases. Although Herpes can occur as an opportunistic infection in the immunocompromised state of AIDS infection, primary herpes simplex infection can be a differential diagnosis of AIDS. |
| Secondary syphilis | After 4-10 weeks of primary syphilis , secondary syphilis can occur affecting skin, mucous membrane and lymph nodes. They can present with fever, malaise, sore throat, weight loss, headache , hair loss. |
| Acute cytomegalo infection | Human cytomegalovirus is a genus of viruses, which in turn is a member of the viral family known as herpesviruses. Although they may be found throughout the body, HCMV infections are frequently associated with the salivary glands. HCMV infection is typically unnoticed in healthy people, but can be life-threatening for the immunocompromised, such as HIV-infected persons, organ transplant recipients, or new born. |
| Acute toxoplasmosis | A parasitic disease caused by ingestion of cat feces, affect all organs and particulary dangerous to preganant woman. |
| Brucellosis | Brucellosis is a Zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. It is primarily a disease of domestic animals (goats, pigs, cattle, dogs, etc) and humans and has a worldwide distribution, mostly now in developing countries |
| Disseminated goncoccemia | Gonococcemia is a condition characterized by a hemorrhagic vesiculopustular eruption, bouts of fever, and arthralgia or actual arthritis of one or several joints |
| Measles | Measles is a disease caused by the Morbillivirus. It is transmitted into the respiratory by contact with infected fluids. Incubation lasts for 4-12 days, during which patients are asymptomatic. Symptomatic onset includes the appearance of a distinct rash. Infected people remain contagious from 5 days before appearance to until 4 days after. |
| Meningitis/Encephalitis | Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain, commonly caused by a viral infection. Sometimes, encephalitis can result from a bacterial infection, such as bacterial meningitis, or it may be a complication of other infectious diseases like rabies (viral) or syphilis (bacterial). Certain parasitic or protozoal infestations, such as toxoplasmosis, malaria, or primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, can also cause encephalitis in people with compromised immune systems. Brain damage occurs as the inflamed brain pushes against the skull, and can lead to death. |
| Primary immunodeficiencies | Other immunodeficient diseases can produce similar symptoms of AIDS. |
| Malaria | Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites. Malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases and an enormous public-health problem. The disease is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. The most serious forms of the disease are caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, but other related species (Plasmodium ovale,Plasmodium malariae, and sometimes Plasmodium knowlesi) can also infect humans. This group of human-pathogenic Plasmodium species is usually referred to as malaria parasites
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| Typhoid | Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever and Salmonella typhi infection, is an illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar typhi. Common worldwide, it is transmitted by the fecal-oral route — the ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces from an infected person. The bacteria then multiply in the blood stream of the infected person and are absorbed into the digestive tract and eliminated with the waste. |
| Rubella | Rubella is a common childhood infection usually with minimal systemic upset although transient arthropathy may occur in adults. Serious complications are very rare. If it were not for the effects of transplacental infection on the developing fetus, rubella is a relatively trivial infection. |