Dilated cardiomyopathy causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-in-Chief: Sachin Shah, M.D.
Overview
There are many causes of dilated cardiomyopathy. The most common cause is idiopathic in 50% of cases. The next most common cause is myocarditis which is responsible for 10% of cases. Other common causes include substance abuse, connective tissue disease, pregnancy, medications, nutritional deficiencies, infiltrative diseases and toxins. There are varying degrees of severity of the disease. Some forms are reversible and some are irreversible; some patients may be completely asymptomatic and some may require cardiac transplantation.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Common Causes
There are many causes of dilated cardiomyopathy.
- Idiopathic-most common and it accounts for roughly 50% of cases.[1]
- Myocarditis-next most common and it accounts for roughly 10% of cases.
- Ischemic cardiomyopathy
- Infiltrative disease like hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, eosinophilic cardiomyopathy
- Hypertensive heart disease
- Substance abuse (i.e. alcohol abuse or cocaine abuse)
- Connective tissue disease
- Peripartum cardiomyopathy
- Drugs (such as the chemotherapeutic agent doxarubicin)
- HIV infection
- Antiretroviral drugs
- Toxins (such as cobalt, lead or beryllium)
- Nutritional deficiencies (such as thiamine or selenium).
- Sleep apnea
The high percentage of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy may be related to the difficulty in diagnosing viral myocarditis.
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Alström syndrome
- Antiretroviral drugs
- Barth syndrome
- Becker muscular dystrophy
- Carvajal-Huerta syndrome
- Certolizumab pegol
- Chagas disease
- Connective tissue disease
- Cushing syndrome
- Desmin-related myopathy
- Disopyramide
- Drugs (such as the chemotherapeutic agent doxarubicin)
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Dystrophia myotonica type 2
- Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, X-linked
- Endocardial fibroelastosis
- Epirubicin
- Ethanol
- Fabry's disease
- Glycogenosis type 2b
- HIV infection
- Hypertensive heart disease
- Imatinib mesylate
- Infiltrative disease
- Ischaemic heart disease
- Ischemic cardiomyopathy
- Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
- Laing distal myopathy
- McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome
- McLeod phenotype
- Monosomy 1p36 syndrome
- Myocarditis-second most common and it accounts for roughly 10% of cases.
- Naxos disease
- Peripartum cardiomyopathy
- Peripartum heart failure
- Salih myopathy
- Selenium deficiency
- Substance abuse (i.e. alcohol abuse or cocaine abuse)
- Toxins (such as cobalt, lead or beryllium)
- Trastuzumab
- X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy
References
- ↑ Felker GM, Thompson RE, et al. Underlying causes and long-term survival in patients with initially unexplained cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 2000 Apr 13;342(14):1077-84.