HIV AIDS MRI

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [4]; Associate Editors-in-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS; Ammu Susheela, M.D. [5]

Overview

Magnetic resonance imaging is the neuroimaging modality of choice for the work-up of patients with suspected AIDS dementia complex.

MRI

Advantages of MRI over CT in AIDS diagnosis

• Much more sensitive than CT scan in determining if a lesion is truly solitary.
• Greater sensitivity for white matter disease.
• Greater sensitivity for lesions in the posterior fossa.
• Helps in identifying a peripheral lesion which is more accessible for histological sampling, in case a biopsy is being considered.

Image courtesy of Dr Roberto Schubert, Radiopedia. (original file [1] Creative Commons BY-SA-NC

Toxoplasmosis

• Lesions may appear hyperintense or isointense depending on the type of infection.
• In necrotising encephalitis due to Toxoplasma, the MRI findings will be hyperintense.
• If the lesion is an abscess, the MRI will show isointense characteristics.
• Most of the time the lesions are surrounded by edema
• If contrast is used, the MRI will show the characteristic ring enhancement lesions.

Image courtesy of Dr Frank Gaillard, Radiopedia. (original file [2] Creative Commons BY-SA-NC

Image courtesy of Dr Frank Gaillard, Radiopedia. (original file [3] Creative Commons BY-SA-NC