Specific phobia

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]

Differential Diagnosis

• Agoraphobia
• Eating disorders
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder
• Panic disorder
• Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
• Separation anxiety disorder
• Social anxiety disorder
• Trauma- and stressor-related disorders

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

The 12 month prevalence of specific phobia is 7,000-9,000 per 100,000 (7%-9%) of the overall population.

Risk Factors

• Behavioral inhibition
• Genetic predisposition
• Negative affectivity (neuroticism)
• Parental over protectiveness
• Parental loss and separation
• Physical and sexual abuse

Diagnostic Criteria

DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Specific Phobia

“

A.Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood). Note:In children, the fear or anxiety may be expressed by crying, tantrums, freezing, or clinging . AND B.The phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety. AND C.The phobic object or situation is actively avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety. AND D.The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation and to the socio cultural context. AND E.The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more. AND F.The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. AND G.The disturbance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder,including fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations associated with panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating symptoms (as in agoraphobia): objects or situations related to obsessions (as in obsessive-compulsive disorder); reminders of traumatic events (as in posttraumatic stress disorder); separation from home or attachment figures (as in separation anxiety disorder); or social situations (as in social anxiety disorder).

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References

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