Renal insufficiency
| Renal insufficiency | ||
| ICD-10 | N17-N19 | |
|---|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 584-585 | |
| DiseasesDB | 26060 | |
| MeSH | C12.777.419.780.500 | |
Template:Renal insufficiency Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: Renal failure; azotemia; kidney failure; kidney insufficiency; renal disease; kidney injury; renal injury
For more detailed information please see the chapters on acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. This page is simply an overview of these more specific disease states.
Overview
Renal insufficiency may broadly be divided into two categories: Acute kidney injury vs. chronic kidney disease
Renal insufficiency classification
| Renal Insufficiency | |||||||||||||||||||
| Chronic kidney disease | Acute kidney injury | ||||||||||||||||||
Definition of Terms
Acute kidney injury (AKI)
Acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly known as acute renal failure, is characterized by an abrupt loss of kidney function resulting in a failure to excrete nitrogenous waste products (among others), and a disruption of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. AKI is defined as any of the following:
- Increase in serum creatinine concentration by 0.3 mg/dL in 48 hours
- Increase in serum creatinine concentration by more than 50% of baseline or 1.5 times baseline concentration within the past 7 days
- Decrease in urine volume <0.5 mL/kg/h for 6 or more hours
Chronic renal disease (CKD)
Chronic kidney disease (or chronic renal insufficiency) is a broad spectrum of disorders that disturb the structural or functional integrity of the kidney for more than 3 months. CKD is defined as any of the following:
- Kidney damage for ≥ 3 months as defined by structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney, with or without decreased GFR, manifest by either pathological abnormalities or markers of kidney damage (including abnormalities in the composition of the blood or urine or imaging abnormalities)
- GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2<M/sup> for ≥3 months with or without kidney damage
Acute-on-chronic renal failure (AoCRF)
Acute-on-chronic renal failure (AoCRF) is defined as the presence of acute kidney injury on top of chronic renal disease. AKI of AoCRF may be reversible, and the aim of treatment is to return the patient to baseline renal function prior to the acute insult.
Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Balsalazide, Beractant, Cefadroxil, Ceftazidime, Cladribine, Cytarabine, Dalfampridine, Desogestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol, Dolutegravir, Flurbiprofen, Ixabepilone, Meropenem, Oprelvekin, Oxaprozin, Pamidronic acid, Pegylated interferon alfa-2b, Piperacillin, Ritonavir, Siltuximab, Sorafenib, Suprofen, Tiagabine, Trametinib, Tolmetin |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
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