Nephrotic syndrome causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, Serge Korjian

Overview

Nephrotic syndrome can be either primary or secondary to diseases. Primary renal disorders, such as primary glomerulonephritides, may cause primary nephrotic syndrome. The most common cause of secondary nephrotic syndrome in adults is diabetes mellitus.

Causes

Primary Causes

Primary renal disorders, such as primary glomerulonephritides, may cause primary nephrotic syndrome. Differentiation between different types of glomerular diseases is often made by clinical suspicion and by renal biopsy, which includes light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and ideally electron microscopy.

Secondary Causes

Secondary causes of renal disorders cause secondary nephrotic syndrome. The most common cause of secondary nephrotic syndrome in adults is diabetes mellitus. Shown below is a table of the causes of nephrotic syndrome by age group.

**Common Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome by Age**
Age (Years)	Cause of Nephrotic Syndrome
< 15	Congenital nephrotic syndrome Minimal change disease Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis Membranous nephropathy
15-40	Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis Lupus nephritis Minimal change disease Membranous nephropathy Diabetic nephropathy Pre-eclampsia Late post-infectious glomerulonephritis IgA nephropathy
> 40	Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis Membranous nephropathy Diabetic nephropathy Minimal change disease IgA nephropathy Primary amyloidosis Light chain deposition disease Benign nephrosclerosis Late post-infectious glomerulonephritis

^{Adapted from Rose BD. Pathophysiology of renal diseases, ed. 2. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1987,p. 167}

List of Secondary Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome^[1]

Adaptation to nephron reduction
Amyloidosis
Bee sting

Drug Induced

References

↑ Eddy AA, Symons JM (2003). "Nephrotic syndrome in childhood". Lancet. 362 (9384): 629–39. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14184-0. PMID 12944064.

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[pmid12944064-1] Eddy AA, Symons JM (2003). "Nephrotic syndrome in childhood". Lancet. 362 (9384): 629–39. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14184-0. PMID 12944064.

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