Listeriosis classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Clinical syndromes caused by Listeria monocytogenes include: infection in pregnancy, neonatal infection, bacteremia, central nervous system infection (meningitis, encephalitis, rhombencephalitis, brain abscess, spinal cord infection), endocarditis, localized infection, and febrile gastroenteritis.
Classification
Listeriosis may be classified according to the clinical syndrome. Clinical syndromes are shown in the following table:
| Clinical Syndrome' | Description' |
| Infection in pregnancy' | 'Listeria can proliferate asymptomatically in the vagina and uterus. Manifestations include fever, myalgias, arthralgias and headache. Abortion, stillbirth, and preterm labor are common complications of Listeria genitourinary infection. |
| Neonatal infection (granulomatosis infantisepticum)' | May be early-onset (acquired in-utero, manifests as sepsis) or late-onset (vaginal transmission during delivery, manifests as meningitis). |
| Central nervous system infection' | 'Listeria may proliferate in in the brain parenchyma (usually brain stem and meninges) |
| Gastroenteritis' | 'Listeria is associated with food-borne, non-invasive gastroenteritis. Manifestations include fever, muscle aches, nausea, diarrhea, headache, confusion, loss of balance, or convulsions. |
| Bacteremia' | Manifestations of listerial bacteremia include a prodromal illness with fever, myalgia, nausea, and diarrhea. |
| Endocarditis' | Listeria endocarditis may affect both native and prosthetic valves. Endocarditis caused by Listeria monocytogenes may signify underlying gastrointestinal tract pathology, including malignancy. |
| Localized infection' | 'Listeria localized infections are uncommon and usually result from direct inoculation or bacteremic spread. |