Influenza

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For more information about zoonotic (variant) influenza virus that may be transmitted to humans, see Avian influenza or Swine influenza

Influenza
TEM of negatively stained influenza virons, magnified approximately 70,000 times

Influenza Microchapters
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Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Influenza from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Chest X Ray
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Primary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Influenza On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Influenza All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Influenza
CDC on Influenza
Influenza in the news
Blogs on Influenza
Directions to Hospitals Treating Influenza
Risk calculators and risk factors for Influenza

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [2]; Ammu Susheela, M.D. [3]

Synonyms and keywords: Flu; influenza A; influenza B; influenza C; human influenza; human influenza virus

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Chest X Ray | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

• Virus
• List of viruses
• List of epidemics

Information concerning flu research can be found at

• Influenza research
• H5N1 clinical trials
• Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
• H5N1 genetic structure
• ICEID
• Influenza Genome Sequencing Project
• Cytokine storm
• International Partnership on Avian and Pandemic Influenza
• National Influenza Centers
• Pandemic Preparedness and Response Act
• Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization
• IFPMA International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations
• Reporting disease cases
• Original antigenic sin
• Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
• ICEID
• Influenza Genome Sequencing Project
• Cytokine storm
• International Partnership on Avian and Pandemic Influenza
• National Influenza Centers
• Pandemic Preparedness and Response Act

Further Readings

Template:Col-1-of-2General NEJM's Avian Influenza Bernd Sebastian Kamps, Christian Hoffmann and Wolfgang Preiser (Eds.) Influenza Report 2006 Flying publisher 2006. Arnold J. Levine 'Viruses' Scientific American Library, WH Freeman, 1992 ISBN 0-7167-5031-7 Samuel Baron et al. 'Medical Microbiology' Fourth Edition, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston 1996 ISBN 0-9631172-1-1. Cox NJ, Subbarao K. 'Influenza.' Lancet. 1999 Oct 9;354(9186):1277–82. PMID 10520648 History Edwin D. Kilbourne Influenza Pandemics of the 20th Century Emerging Infectious Diseases Special Issue: Influenza Vol. 12, No. 1 January 2006 Richard Collier 'The Plague of the Spanish Lady' Macmillan publishers (London) 1974 ISBN 0-7490-0246-8 John M. Barry 'The Great Influenza: the Epic Story of the Deadliest Plague in History' Penguin 2004 ISBN 0-670-89473-7 Microbiology Webster RG, Bean WJ, Gorman OT, Chambers TM, Kawaoka Y. "Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses." Microbiol Rev. 1992 Mar;56(1):152–79. PMID 1579108 Scholtissek C. 'Molecular epidemiology of influenza.' Arch Virol Suppl. 1997;13:99–103. PMID 9413530 Template:Col-2-of-2Pathogenesis Adolfo García-Sastre Antiviral Response in Pandemic Influenza Viruses 'Emerging Infectious Diseases Special Issue: Influenza Vol. 12, No. 1 January 2006 Zambon MC. 'The pathogenesis of influenza in humans.' Rev Med Virol. 2001 Jul–Aug;11(4):227–41. PMID 11479929 Epidemiology Walter R. Dowdle Influenza Pandemic Periodicity, Virus Recycling, and the Art of Risk Assessment 'Emerging Infectious Diseases Special Issue: Influenza Vol. 12, No. 1 January 2006 Horimoto T, Kawaoka Y. Pandemic threat posed by avian influenza A viruses. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001 Jan;14(1):129–49. PMID 11148006 Epidemiology of WHO-confirmed human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) infection Treatment and prevention CDC 2005. Centers for Disease Control. Prevention and Control of Influenza Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2005; 54 (RR08): 1–40. Arnold S. Monto Vaccines and Antiviral Drugs in Pandemic Preparedness Emerging Infectious Diseases Special Issue: Influenza Vol. 12, No. 1 January 2006 Research Peter Palese Making Better Influenza Virus Vaccines? Emerging Infectious Diseases Special Issue: Influenza Vol. 12, No. 1 January 2006 WHO (PDF} contains latest Evolutionary "Tree of Life" for H5N1 article Antigenic and genetic characteristics of H5N1 viruses and candidate H5N1 vaccine viruses developed for potential use as pre-pandemic vaccines published August 18, 2006 WHO's assessment of Flu Research as of November 2006.

External Links

• Info on influenza at CDC
• Fact Sheet Overview of influenza at World Health Organization
• Orthomyxoviridae The Universal Virus Database of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
• Influenza Virus Resource from the NCBI