Mediastinitis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

Mediastinitis may occur suddenly usually from an infection or it may develop slowly and get worse over time. It most commonly occurs in patients who recently had an upper endoscopy or chest surgery.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Cardiac surgery, coronary artery bypass surgery, pulmonary artery stenosis
Chemical / poisoning	Caustic ingestion
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	Deep neck infection, Ludwig's angina, retropharyngeal abscess, Zenker's diverticulum
Endocrine	Diabetes mellitus, Riedel's thyroiditis
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Boerhaave syndrome, bronchoscopy, endoscopy, esophageal foreign body, esophageal rupture, forceful or constant vomiting, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, Zenker's diverticulum
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Iatrogenic, radiation therapy
Infectious Disease	Actinomyces meyeri, anthrax, aspergillus, blastomyces, candida, deep neck infection, fibrosing mediastinitis, histoplasmosis, mycobacterium tuberculosis, odontogenic infections, retropharyngeal abscess, sclerosing mediastinitis, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus milleri, tonsilitis, wuchereria bancrofti
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Cancer
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Fibrosing mediastinitis, mycobacterium tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, sclerosing mediastinitis
Renal / Electrolyte	Forceful or constant vomiting
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Retroperitoneal fibrosis, sarcoidosis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Trauma
Urologic	Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Dental	Dental caries, odontogenic infections
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

2

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Martínez Vallina P, Espinosa Jiménez D, Hernández Pérez L, Triviño Ramírez A (2011). "[Mediastinitis]". Arch Bronconeumol. 47 Suppl 8: 32–6. doi:10.1016/S0300-2896(11)70065-5. PMID 23351519.
↑ Branquinho DF, Andrade DR, Almeida N, Sofia C (2014). "Mediastinitis by Actinomyces meyeri after oesophageal stent placement". BMJ Case Rep. 2014. doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-204499. PMID 24903727.
↑ Risnes I, Abdelnoor M, Veel T, Svennevig JL, Lundblad R, Rynning SE (2014). "Mediastinitis after coronary artery bypass grafting: the effect of vacuum-assisted closure versus traditional closed drainage on survival and re-infection rate". Int Wound J. 11 (2): 177–82. doi:10.1111/j.1742-481X.2012.01060.x. PMID 22925188.
↑ Celakovsky P, Kalfert D, Tucek L, Mejzlik J, Kotulek M, Vrbacky A; et al. (2014). "Deep neck infections: risk factors for mediastinal extension". Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 271 (6): 1679–83. doi:10.1007/s00405-013-2651-5. PMID 23925695.
↑ Chatterjee D, Bal A, Singhal M, Vijayvergiya R, Das A (2014). "Fibrosing mediastinitis due to Aspergillus with dominant cardiac involvement: report of two autopsy cases with review of literature". Cardiovasc Pathol. 23 (6): 354–7. doi:10.1016/j.carpath.2014.05.005. PMID 24998315.
↑ Koponen S, Sihvo E (2012). "[Mediastinitis in a patient with eating disorder]". Duodecim. 128 (12): 1289–91. PMID 22822605.
↑ Bross-Soriano D, Arrieta-Gómez JR, Prado-Calleros H, Schimelmitz-Idi J, Jorba-Basave S (2004). "Management of Ludwig's angina with small neck incisions: 18 years experience". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 130 (6): 712–7. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2003.09.036. PMID 15195057.
↑ ATKINSON M, BOTTRILL MB, EDWARDS AT, MITCHELL WM, PEET BG, WILLIAMS RE (1961). "Mucosal tears at the oesophagogastric junction (the Mallory-Weiss syndrome)". Gut. 2: 1–11. PMC 1413192. PMID 13684977.
↑ Bell Z, Menezes AA, Primrose WJ, McGuigan JA (2005). "Mediastinitis: a life-threatening complication of acute tonsillitis". J Laryngol Otol. 119 (9): 743–5. PMID 16156922.

de:Mediastinitis

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[pmid23351519-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Martínez Vallina P, Espinosa Jiménez D, Hernández Pérez L, Triviño Ramírez A (2011). "[Mediastinitis]". Arch Bronconeumol. 47 Suppl 8: 32–6. doi:10.1016/S0300-2896(11)70065-5. PMID 23351519.

[pmid24903727-2] Branquinho DF, Andrade DR, Almeida N, Sofia C (2014). "Mediastinitis by Actinomyces meyeri after oesophageal stent placement". BMJ Case Rep. 2014. doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-204499. PMID 24903727.

[pmid22925188-3] Risnes I, Abdelnoor M, Veel T, Svennevig JL, Lundblad R, Rynning SE (2014). "Mediastinitis after coronary artery bypass grafting: the effect of vacuum-assisted closure versus traditional closed drainage on survival and re-infection rate". Int Wound J. 11 (2): 177–82. doi:10.1111/j.1742-481X.2012.01060.x. PMID 22925188.

[pmid23925695-4] Celakovsky P, Kalfert D, Tucek L, Mejzlik J, Kotulek M, Vrbacky A; et al. (2014). "Deep neck infections: risk factors for mediastinal extension". Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 271 (6): 1679–83. doi:10.1007/s00405-013-2651-5. PMID 23925695.

[pmid24998315-5] Chatterjee D, Bal A, Singhal M, Vijayvergiya R, Das A (2014). "Fibrosing mediastinitis due to Aspergillus with dominant cardiac involvement: report of two autopsy cases with review of literature". Cardiovasc Pathol. 23 (6): 354–7. doi:10.1016/j.carpath.2014.05.005. PMID 24998315.

[pmid22822605-6] Koponen S, Sihvo E (2012). "[Mediastinitis in a patient with eating disorder]". Duodecim. 128 (12): 1289–91. PMID 22822605.

[pmid15195057-7] Bross-Soriano D, Arrieta-Gómez JR, Prado-Calleros H, Schimelmitz-Idi J, Jorba-Basave S (2004). "Management of Ludwig's angina with small neck incisions: 18 years experience". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 130 (6): 712–7. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2003.09.036. PMID 15195057.

[pmid13684977-8] ATKINSON M, BOTTRILL MB, EDWARDS AT, MITCHELL WM, PEET BG, WILLIAMS RE (1961). "Mucosal tears at the oesophagogastric junction (the Mallory-Weiss syndrome)". Gut. 2: 1–11. PMC 1413192. PMID 13684977.

[pmid16156922-9] Bell Z, Menezes AA, Primrose WJ, McGuigan JA (2005). "Mediastinitis: a life-threatening complication of acute tonsillitis". J Laryngol Otol. 119 (9): 743–5. PMID 16156922.

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