Basal cell carcinoma causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.
Overview
There are many causes associated with basal cell carcinoma such as sunlight, gene mutations, and other conditions, for example, xeroderma pigmentosum.
Basal Cell Carcinoma Causes
Although the exact cause is unknown, there are some environmental and genetic factor that may predispose to basal cell carcinoma.
Radiation exposure
Sunlight (UV light), tanning beds, and x-rays exposure are associated with basal cell carcinoma formation[1].
Gene mutations
TP53 gene mutations and the inappropriate activation of the hedgehog signaling pathway (loss-of-function mutations in tumor-suppressor protein patched homologue 1 (PTCH1) and gain-of-function mutations in sonic hedgehog (SHH), smoothened (SMO), and Gli) are associated with basal cell carcinoma.
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
This an autosomal recessive disorder. It results in the inability to repair ultraviolet-induced DNA damage. Pigmentary changes are seen early in life, followed by the development of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. Other features include corneal opacities, eventual blindness, and neurological deficits.
Epidermodysplastic Verruciformis
Epidermodysplastic verruciformis is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the development of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma from warts (human papillomavirus infection).
Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome
This is an autosomal dominant disorder that can result in basal cell carcinomas, multiple odontogenic keratocysts, palmoplantar pitting, intracranial calcification, and rib anomalies[2].
Bazex Syndrome
The features of Bazex syndrome include follicular atrophoderma, multiple basal cell carcinomas, and local anhidrosis[3].
Rombo Syndrome
Rombo syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition distinguished by basal cell carcinoma and atrophoderma vermiculatum, trichoepitheliomas, hypotrichosis milia, and peripheral vasodilation with cyanosis[4].
References
- ↑ Lim JL, Stern RS (2005). "High levels of ultraviolet B exposure increase the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in psoralen and ultraviolet A-treated patients". J Invest Dermatol. 124 (3): 505–13. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23618.x. PMID 15737190.
- ↑ Cohen MM (1999). "Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: molecular biology and new hypotheses". Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 28 (3): 216–23. PMID 10355946.
- ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sunburn prevalence among adults--United States, 1999, 2003, and 2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007 Jun 1. 56(21):524-8
- ↑ Michaëlsson G, Olsson E, Westermark P (1981). "The Rombo syndrome: a familial disorder with vermiculate atrophoderma, milia, hypotrichosis, trichoepitheliomas, basal cell carcinomas and peripheral vasodilation with cyanosis". Acta Derm Venereol. 61 (6): 497–503. PMID 6177160.