Legionellosis risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D., Serge Korjian M.D.

Overview

The most important risk factor for the development of Legionnaires' disease is recent exposure to either aerosolized water or contaminated water. Other risk factors include old age, concomitant lung disease, active smoking status, and immunosuppression.

Risk Factors

Risk factors of Legionnaires' disease include:

• Exposure to either aerosolized water or contaminated water (most important risk factor)
• Old Age (> 65 years or older)
• Recent travel with an overnight stay outside of the home
• Current or former smokers
• Exposure to whirlpool spas
• Recent exposure to repairs or maintenance work on domestic plumbing
• Chronic lung disease (namely COPD or emphysema)
• Immunosuppression