Head and neck cancer epidemiology and demographics
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maneesha Nandimandalam, M.B.B.S.[2]
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Head and Neck cancer Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [3]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
The number of new cases of head and neck cancers in the United States was 40,490 in 2006, accounting for about 3% of adult malignancies. 11,170 patients died of their disease in 2006.[1] The worldwide incidence exceeds half a million cases annually.
- Head and neck cancers account for approximately 3 to 5 percent of all cancers in the United States.
- In the U.S. there were 28,900 people diagnosed with cancers of the throat and oral cavity in 2002.[2]
- Seventy-four hundred Americans are projected to die of these cancers.[2]
- More than 70% of throat cancers are at an advanced stage when discovered.[3]
- Men are 89% more likely than women to be diagnosed with, and are almost twice as likely to die of, these cancers.[2]
- African-American men are at a 50% higher risk of throat cancer than Caucasian males.
- Smoking and tobacco use are directly related to Oro-pharangeal (throat) cancer deaths.[4]
Age
- These cancers are more common in men and in people over age 50.
Gender
- These cancers are more common in men and in people over age 50.
Race
- In North America and Europe, the tumors usually arise from the oral cavity, oropharynx, or larynx, whereas nasopharyngeal cancer is more common in the Mediterranean countries and in the Far East.
- In Southeast China and Taiwan, head and neck cancer, specifically Nasopharyngeal Cancer is the most common cause of death in young men.[5]
- African Americans are disproportionately affected by head and neck cancer, with younger ages of incidence, increased mortality, and more advanced disease at presentation.[6]
References
- ↑ Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Murray T, Xu J, Smigal C, Thun M. "Cancer statistics, 2006". CA Cancer J Clin. 56 (2): 106–30. PMID 16514137.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Cancer Facts and Figures, http://www.cancer.org/downloads/STT/CancerFacts&Figures2002TM.pdf,, American Cancer Society 2002.
- ↑ Throat Cancer patient information web page, http://cancer.nchmd.org/treatment.aspx?id=741, NCH Healthcare Systems, 1999
- ↑ Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1989.sad
- ↑ Titcomb C (2001). "High incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Asia". J Insur Med. 33 (3): 235–8. PMID 11558403.
- ↑ Gourin C, Podolsky R (2006). "Racial disparities in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma". Laryngoscope. 116 (7): 1093–106. PMID 16826042.