Ovarian cancer classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Ovarian cancer is classified according to the histology of the tumor, obtained in a pathology report.
Classification
Histology dictates many aspects of clinical treatment, management, and prognosis.
- Surface epithelial-stromal tumour, including serous and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, is the most common type of ovarian cancer.
- Sex cord-stromal tumor, including estrogen-producing granulosa cell tumor and virilizing Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor or arrhenoblastoma, accounts for 8% of ovarian cancers.
- Germ cell tumor accounts for approximately 5% of ovarian cancers. It tends to occur in young women and girls, and has a better prognosis than other ovarian tumors.
- mixed tumors, containing elements of more than one tumor histology
Ovarian cancer often is primary, but can also be secondary, the result of metastasis from a primary cancer elsewhere in the body. For example, from breast cancer, or from gastrointestinal cancer (in which case the ovarian cancer is a Krukenberg cancer). Surface epithelial-stromal tumor can originate in the lining of the abdominal cavity, in which case the ovarian cancer is secondary to primary peritoneal cancer, but treatment is basically the same as for primary ovarian cancer of this type.
Cellular Classification of Ovarian Epithelial, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer
The following is a list of ovarian epithelial, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer histologic classifications.
Serous cystomas: Serous benign cystadenomas. Serous cystadenomas with proliferating activity of the epithelial cells and nuclear abnormalities but with no infiltrative destructive growth (low malignant potential or borderline malignancy). Serous cystadenocarcinomas. Mucinous cystomas: Mucinous benign cystadenomas. Mucinous cystadenomas with proliferating activity of the epithelial cells and nuclear abnormalities but with no infiltrative destructive growth (low malignant potential or borderline malignancy). Mucinous cystadenocarcinomas. Endometrioid tumors (similar to adenocarcinomas in the endometrium): Endometrioid benign cysts. Endometrioid tumors with proliferating activity of the epithelial cells and nuclear abnormalities but with no infiltrative destructive growth (low malignant potential or borderline malignancy). Endometrioid adenocarcinomas. Clear cell (mesonephroid) tumors: Benign clear cell tumors. Clear cell tumors with proliferating activity of the epithelial cells and nuclear abnormalities but with no infiltrative destructive growth (low malignant potential or borderline malignancy). Clear cell cystadenocarcinomas. Unclassified tumors that cannot be allotted to one of the above groups. No histology. Other malignant tumors (malignant tumors other than those of the common epithelial types are not to be included with the categories listed above).