Urethral cancer
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Urethral cancer Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Urethral cancer On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Urethral cancer |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Urethral cancer from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Staging | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Symptoms: These are the symptoms that may be caused by urethral cancer:
- Hematuria: Bleeding from the urethra or blood in the urine.
- Urinary Hesitation: Weak or interrupted flow of urine.
- Polyuria: Urination occurs often.
Physical Examination
- A lump or thickness in the perineum or penis.
- Discharge from the urethra.
- Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin area.
Other Diagnostic Studies
In male urethral cancer, diagnosis is established by transurethral biopsy. In women the diagnosis is established in much the same way. Pathologically most tumors are squamous cell carcinomas although transitional cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas and melanomas may also be seen.
Treatment
Surgery
Surgery is the most common treatment for cancer of the urethra. One of the following types of surgery may be done:
- Open excision surgery
- Electro-resection with flash surgery
- Laser surgery
- Cystourethrectomy surgery
- Cystoprostatectomy surgery
- Anterior body cavity surgery
- Incomplete penectomy surgery
- Basic penectomy surgery
References